BACKGROUND: Caffeine (CAF) ingestion improves performance in a broad range of exercise tasks. Nevertheless, the CAF-induced, dose-dependent effect on discipline-specific performance and cognitive functions in CrossFit/High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute supplementation of three different doses of CAF and placebo (PLA) on specific performance, reaction time (RTime), postural stability (PStab), heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion (RPE). METHODS: In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, acute pre-exercise supplementation with CAF (3, 6, or 9 mg/kg body mass (BM)) and PLA in 26 moderately trained CrossFit practitioners was examined. The study protocol involved five separate testing sessions using the Fight Gone Bad test (FGB) as the exercise performance evaluation and biochemical analyses, HR and RPE monitoring, as well as the assessment of RTime and PStab, with regard to CYP1A2 (rs762551) and ADORA2A (rs5751876) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). RESULTS: Supplementation of 6 mgCAF/kgBM induced clinically noticeable improvements in FGBTotal results, RTime and pre-exercise motor time. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between any CAF doses and PLA in FGBTotal, HRmax, HRmean, RPE, pre/post-exercise RTime, PStab variables or pyruvate concentrations. Lactate concentration was higher (p < 0.05) before and after exercise in all CAF doses than in PLA. There was no effect of CYP1A2 or ADORA2A SNPs on performance. CONCLUSIONS: The dose-dependent effect of CAF supplementation appears to be limited to statistically nonsignificant but clinically considered changes on specific performance, RTime, PStab, RPE or HR. However, regarding practical CAF-induced performance implications in CrossFit/HIFT, 6 mgCAF/kgBM may be supposed as the most rational supplementation strategy.

Department of Digital Technologies in Physical Activity Poznań University of Physical Education Poznań Poland

Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Poznań University of Life Sciences Poznań Poland

Department of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Science Poznań University of Physical Education Poznań Poland

Department of Physiology and Biochemistry Poznań University of Physical Education Poznań Poland

Department of Sports Dietetics Poznań University of Physical Education Poznań Poland

Sport Sciences Biomedical Department Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Charles University Prague Czech Republic

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$a Główka, Natalia $u Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland $1 https://orcid.org/0000000184497162

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$a The dose-dependent effect of caffeine supplementation on performance, reaction time and postural stability in CrossFit - a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial / $c N. Główka, J. Malik, T. Podgórski, R. Stemplewski, J. Maciaszek, J. Ciążyńska, EE. Zawieja, A. Chmurzynska, PM. Nowaczyk, K. Durkalec-Michalski

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$a BACKGROUND: Caffeine (CAF) ingestion improves performance in a broad range of exercise tasks. Nevertheless, the CAF-induced, dose-dependent effect on discipline-specific performance and cognitive functions in CrossFit/High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute supplementation of three different doses of CAF and placebo (PLA) on specific performance, reaction time (RTime), postural stability (PStab), heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion (RPE). METHODS: In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, acute pre-exercise supplementation with CAF (3, 6, or 9 mg/kg body mass (BM)) and PLA in 26 moderately trained CrossFit practitioners was examined. The study protocol involved five separate testing sessions using the Fight Gone Bad test (FGB) as the exercise performance evaluation and biochemical analyses, HR and RPE monitoring, as well as the assessment of RTime and PStab, with regard to CYP1A2 (rs762551) and ADORA2A (rs5751876) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). RESULTS: Supplementation of 6 mgCAF/kgBM induced clinically noticeable improvements in FGBTotal results, RTime and pre-exercise motor time. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between any CAF doses and PLA in FGBTotal, HRmax, HRmean, RPE, pre/post-exercise RTime, PStab variables or pyruvate concentrations. Lactate concentration was higher (p < 0.05) before and after exercise in all CAF doses than in PLA. There was no effect of CYP1A2 or ADORA2A SNPs on performance. CONCLUSIONS: The dose-dependent effect of CAF supplementation appears to be limited to statistically nonsignificant but clinically considered changes on specific performance, RTime, PStab, RPE or HR. However, regarding practical CAF-induced performance implications in CrossFit/HIFT, 6 mgCAF/kgBM may be supposed as the most rational supplementation strategy.

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$a Malik, Jakub $u Department of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Science, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland $1 https://orcid.org/0000000256331672

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$a Podgórski, Tomasz $u Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland $1 https://orcid.org/0000000307454606

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$a Stemplewski, Rafał $u Department of Digital Technologies in Physical Activity, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland $1 https://orcid.org/0000000202606378

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$a Maciaszek, Janusz $u Department of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Science, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland $1 https://orcid.org/0000000184255921

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$a Ciążyńska, Julia $u Department of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Science, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland $1 https://orcid.org/0000000190659164

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$a Zawieja, Emilia E $u Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland $1 https://orcid.org/0000000290301805

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$a Chmurzynska, Agata $u Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland $1 https://orcid.org/0000000220450709

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$a Nowaczyk, Paulina M $u Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland $1 https://orcid.org/000000017724022X

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$a Durkalec-Michalski, Krzysztof $u Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland $u Sport Sciences-Biomedical Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic $1 https://orcid.org/0000000250412981

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