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Mitochondrial DNA damage, repair, and replacement in cancer

P. Vodicka, S. Vodenkova, N. Danesova, L. Vodickova, R. Zobalova, K. Tomasova, S. Boukalova, MV. Berridge, J. Neuzil

. 2025 ; 11 (1) : 62-73. [pub] 20241021

Language English Country United States

Document type Journal Article, Review

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc25010497

Mitochondria are vital organelles with their own DNA (mtDNA). mtDNA is circular and composed of heavy and light chains that are structurally more accessible than nuclear DNA (nDNA). While nDNA is typically diploid, the number of mtDNA copies per cell is higher and varies considerably during development and between tissues. Compared with nDNA, mtDNA is more prone to damage that is positively linked to many diseases, including cancer. Similar to nDNA, mtDNA undergoes repair processes, although these mechanisms are less well understood. In this review, we discuss the various forms of mtDNA damage and repair and their association with cancer initiation and progression. We also propose horizontal mitochondrial transfer as a novel mechanism for replacing damaged mtDNA.

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$a Mitochondria are vital organelles with their own DNA (mtDNA). mtDNA is circular and composed of heavy and light chains that are structurally more accessible than nuclear DNA (nDNA). While nDNA is typically diploid, the number of mtDNA copies per cell is higher and varies considerably during development and between tissues. Compared with nDNA, mtDNA is more prone to damage that is positively linked to many diseases, including cancer. Similar to nDNA, mtDNA undergoes repair processes, although these mechanisms are less well understood. In this review, we discuss the various forms of mtDNA damage and repair and their association with cancer initiation and progression. We also propose horizontal mitochondrial transfer as a novel mechanism for replacing damaged mtDNA.
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$a Vodenkova, Sona $u Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic. Electronic address: sona.vodenkova@iem.cas.cz
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$a Danesova, Natalie $u Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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$a Vodickova, Ludmila $u Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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$a Zobalova, Renata $u Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Prague-West, Czech Republic
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$a Tomasova, Kristyna $u Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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$a Boukalova, Stepana $u Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Prague-West, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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$a Berridge, Michael V $u Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
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$a Neuzil, Jiri $u First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Prague-West, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia. Electronic address: j.neuzil@griffith.edu.au
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