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Article

PubMed

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Cardiac manifestations in Fabry disease

Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2001 ; 24 Suppl 2 () : 75-83; discussion 65.

J Inherit Metab Dis
ISSN 0141-8955
Source

Language English Country United States Media print

Document type Journal Article, Review

Persistent link https://www.medvik.cz/link/pmid11758683

PubMed 11758683
DOI 10.1023/a:1012428009627
Knihovny.cz E-resources

MeSH
Electrocardiography MeSH
Fabry Disease complications pathology physiopathology MeSH
Ventricular Function, Left MeSH
Humans MeSH
Heart Diseases chemically induced etiology pathology physiopathology MeSH
Heart physiopathology MeSH
Heart Valves pathology MeSH
Heart Ventricles pathology MeSH
Check Tag
Humans MeSH
Publication type
Journal Article MeSH
Review MeSH

Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder of glycosphingolipid metabolism, due to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. The disease is characterized by the progressive intracellular lysosomal accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids throughout the body, including the cardiovascular system. It has been reported that cardiac involvement could be the sole manifestation of the disease in some patients. Myocardial abnormalities are characterized mainly by left ventricular (LV) wall thickening without significant cavity dilatation, the most frequent abnormal structural pattern being concentric LV hypertrophy (LVH). In some patients the disease mimics a typical hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. According to our experience, systolic function is largely preserved in a large majority of affected individuals. In contrast, mild to moderate impairment of diastolic filling is a relatively common finding, representing probably the most important cause of dyspnoea in patients with Fabry disease. However, in a relatively large population of affected patients, severe diastolic dysfunction, typical of restrictive cardiomyopathy, was not found. Valvular structural abnormalities are frequent due to valvular infiltration. In several patients, hypertrophy of papillary muscles and/or systolic anterior motion of the mitral leaflets associated with LV outflow obstruction may aggravate the mitral valve dysfunction. We did not confirm the previously reported high prevalence of mitral valve prolapse. Valvular regurgitation seems to be relatively frequent but mostly non-significant. Electrocardiographic changes in Fabry disease are multiple and include atrioventricular (AV) conduction abnormalities (abbreviation of the P-R interval or AV blocks), signs of LVH and repolarization abnormalities. Our observations suggest that conduction defects and repolarization changes are present predominantly in subjects with LV structural abnormalities. Cardiac symptoms in patients with Fabry disease include shortness of breath on effort (related to LV diastolic dysfunction), vasospastic and/or exertional angina pectoris (due to LVH, endothelial dysfunction and/or fixed coronary artery stenosis) and syncope (related to AV blocks or LV outflow obstruction). The extent of cardiac involvement, in particular LV mass assessment, could represent an ideal surrogate endpoint for evaluating the efficacy of specific therapies.

2nd Department of Internal Medicine 1st School of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

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