Functional equivalency of amphioxus and vertebrate Pax258 transcription factors suggests that the activation of mid-hindbrain specific genes in vertebrates occurs via the recruitment of Pax regulatory elements
Language English Country Netherlands Media print
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PubMed
11814686
DOI
10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00840-x
PII: S037811190100840X
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- MeSH
- PAX5 Transcription Factor MeSH
- Alternative Splicing MeSH
- Cell Line MeSH
- 3T3 Cells MeSH
- DNA-Binding Proteins genetics physiology MeSH
- DNA genetics metabolism MeSH
- Nuclear Proteins * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Tumor Cells, Cultured MeSH
- Chordata, Nonvertebrate genetics MeSH
- Vertebrates genetics MeSH
- Promoter Regions, Genetic genetics MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation MeSH
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid genetics MeSH
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins genetics metabolism MeSH
- Genes, Reporter genetics MeSH
- Rhombencephalon metabolism MeSH
- Amino Acid Sequence MeSH
- Base Sequence MeSH
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MeSH
- Trans-Activators genetics physiology MeSH
- PAX2 Transcription Factor MeSH
- PAX8 Transcription Factor MeSH
- Paired Box Transcription Factors MeSH
- Transcription Factors genetics physiology MeSH
- Protein Binding MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- Names of Substances
- PAX5 Transcription Factor MeSH
- DNA-Binding Proteins MeSH
- DNA MeSH
- Nuclear Proteins * MeSH
- PAX2 protein, human MeSH Browser
- Pax2 protein, mouse MeSH Browser
- PAX5 protein, human MeSH Browser
- PAX8 protein, human MeSH Browser
- Pax8 protein, mouse MeSH Browser
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins MeSH
- Trans-Activators MeSH
- PAX2 Transcription Factor MeSH
- PAX8 Transcription Factor MeSH
- Paired Box Transcription Factors MeSH
- Transcription Factors MeSH
Pax genes encode transcription factors that control key developmental decisions in various animal phyla. The Pax2/5/8 subfamily plays a key role in specification and/or maintenance of vertebrate mid-hindbrain boundary (MHB) region by directly regulating expression of other genes, most notably En2. In the invertebrate chordate amphioxus, expression of AmphiPax2/5/8 is found in many sites that are homologous to the regions of the vertebrate embryo expressing orthologous genes Pax2, Pax5 or Pax8. However, no co-expression of AmphiPax2/5/8 and AmphiEn is detected in the region of the neural tube that might correspond to the vertebrate MHB. Based on this observation and the absence of AmphiWnt expression in this region it appears that amphioxus does not have a MHB. Here we investigated the possibility that the AmphiPax2/5/8, as a key component of MHB development, has lost some of the properties of its vertebrate counterparts. We have analyzed both the DNA-binding and transactivation properties of AmphiPax2/5/8 as well as its ability to interact with the groucho co-repressor. In all these assays AmphiPax2/5/8 is indistinguishable from the human Pax5. In addition, we found two alternatively spliced AmphiPax2/5/8 isoforms that function similarly to the alternatively spliced isoforms of human Pax8. Analysis of the AmphiEn regulatory region provided no evidence for AmphiPax2/5/8 binding and transactivation. Therefore, in amphioxus, AmphiPax2/5/8, although capable of performing all the necessary functions has not been recruited for a developmental mechanism which usually sets up MHB development in vertebrates.
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