Epigenetic switch from posttranscriptional to transcriptional silencing is correlated with promoter hypermethylation
Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké Médium print-electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem
PubMed
14551338
PubMed Central
PMC281619
DOI
10.1104/pp.103.023796
PII: pp.103.023796
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny MeSH
- kanamycinkinasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- kultivační techniky MeSH
- metylace DNA * MeSH
- promotorové oblasti (genetika) genetika MeSH
- regulace genové exprese enzymů MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
- RNA interference * MeSH
- tabák genetika metabolismus MeSH
- transgeny genetika MeSH
- umlčovací elementy transkripční genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kanamycinkinasa MeSH
Changes in the distribution of methylcytosine residues along a transgene locus of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in relation to the type of gene silencing were studied in parental plant leaves, calli, and regenerated plants derived thereof. Parental-silenced HeLo1 (hemizygous for locus 1) plants show posttranscriptional silencing of the residing nptII (neomycin phosphotransferase II) transgene and cytosine methylation restricted to the 3' end and center part of the transcribed region. Here, we report that with an increasing number of cell cycles, DNA methylation changes gradually, and methylation is introduced into the promoter during cell culture and more slowly in vegetatively propagated plants. After 24 months of callus in vitro cultivation, an epigenetic variant, designated locus 1E, was obtained in which cytosine methylation of symmetrical (CG and CNG) sites was almost complete within the 5' end of the nptII-transcribed region and the 35S promoter. Further, methylation of nonsymmetrical sites appeared de novo in the promoter, whereas this type of methylation was significantly reduced in the 3' end of the transcribed region when compared with locus 1. The newly established epigenetic patterns were stably transmitted from calli into regenerated plants and their progeny. The protein and steady-state RNA levels remained low in locus 1E, whereas with nuclear run-on assays, no detectable amounts of primary transcripts were found along the nptII gene, indicating that the methylated promoter became inactivated. The results suggest that a switch between posttranscriptional and transcriptional gene silencing could be a mechanism leading to irrevocable shut down of gene expression within a finite number of generations.
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Paramutation of tobacco transgenes by small RNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing
