Department of Clinical Pharmacology University Hospital Ostrava 17 Listopadu 1790 Ostrava 708 52 Czech Republic

See more in PubMed

Kroemer HK, Fischer C, Meese CO, Eichelbaum M. Enantiomer/enantiomer interaction of (S)- and (R)-propafenone for cytochrome P450IID6-catalyzed 5-hydroxylation: in vitro evaluation of the mechanism. Mol Pharmacol. 1991;40(1):135–42. PubMed

Otton SV, Inaba T, Kalow W. Competitive inhibition of sparteine oxidation in human liver by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and other cardiovascular drugs. Life Sci. 1984;34(1):73–80. PubMed

Frank D, Jaehde U, Fuhr U. Evaluation of probe drugs and pharmacokinetic metrics for CYP2D6 phenotyping. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(4):321–33. Epub 2007 Feb 2. PubMed

Abrahamsson B, Lücker P, Olofsson B, Regårdh CG, Sandberg A, Wieselgren I, et al. The relationship between metoprolol plasma concentration and beta 1-blockade in healthy subjects: a study on conventional metoprolol and metoprolol CR/ZOK formulations. J Clin Pharmacol. 1990;30(2 Suppl):S46–54. PubMed

Regårdh CG, Johnsson G. Clinical pharmacokinetics of metoprolol. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1980;5(6):557–69. PubMed

Wagner F, Kalusche D, Trenk D, Jähnchen E, Roskamm H. Drug interaction between propafenone and metoprolol. Br J Clin Pharmac. 1987;24(2):213–20. PubMed PMC

Zanger UM, Raimundo S, Eichelbaum M. Cytochrome P450 2D6: overview and update on pharmacology, genetics, biochemistry. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004;369(1):23–37. Epub 2003 Nov 15. PubMed

Perinova I, Duricova J, Brozmanova H, Kacirova I, Grundmann M. Determination of metoprolol and its metabolite α-hydroxymetabolite in serum by HPLC method with fluorescence detection [article in Czech] Ces Farm. 2008;57(6):254–9.

Jonkers RE, Koopmans RP, Portier EJ, van Boxtel CJ. Debrisoquine phenotype and the pharmacokinetics and beta-2 receptor pharmacodynamics of metoprolol and its enantiomers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1991;256(3):959–66. PubMed

Labbé L, O’Hara G, Lefebvre M, Lessard E, Gilbert M, Adedoyin A, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between mexiletine and propafenone in human beings. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000;67(1):44–57. PubMed

Fukumoto K, Kobayashi T, Tachibana K, Kato R, Kazuhiko T, Komamura K. Effect of amiodarone on the serum concentration/dose ratio of metoprolol in patients with cardiac arrhythmia. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2006;21(6):501–5. PubMed

Hamelin BA, Bouayad A, Méthot J, Jobin J, Desgagnés P, Poirier P, et al. Significant interaction between the nonprescription antihistamine diphenhydramine and the CYP2D6 substrate metoprolol in healthy men with high or low CYP2D6 activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000;67(5):466–77. PubMed

Walley T, Pirmohamed M, Proudlove C, Maxwell D. Interaction of metoprolol and fluoxetine. Lancet. 1993;341(8850):967–8. PubMed

Onalan O, Cumurcu BE, Bekar L. Complete atrioventricular block associated with concomitant use of metoprolol and paroxetine. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83(5):595–99. doi: 10.4065/83.5.595. PubMed DOI

The Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Allele Nomenclature Database [website] CYP2D6 allele nomenclature. Stockholm, Sweden: The Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Allele Nomenclature Database; 2012. Available from: www.cypalleles.ki.se/cyp2d6.htm. Accessed 2013 Jan 11.

Sachse C, Brockmöller J, Bauer S, Roots I. Cytochrome P450 2D6 variants in a Caucasian population: allele frequencies and phenotypic consequences. Am J Hum Genet. 1997;60:284–95. PubMed PMC

Lee JT, Kroemer HK, Silberstein DJ, Funck-Bretano C, Lineberry MD, Wood AJ, et al. The role of genetically determined polymorphic drug metabolism in the beta-blockade produced by propafenone. N Engl J Med. 1990;322(25):1764–8. PubMed

Monitoring Serum Bisoprolol Concentrations in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Results of a Pilot Study From Routine Health Care