OBJECTIVES: The task force aimed to: (1) develop evidence-based recommendations for patient education (PE) for people with inflammatory arthritis, (2) identify the need for further research on PE and (3) determine health professionals' educational needs in order to provide evidence-based PE. METHODS: A multidisciplinary task force, representing 10 European countries, formulated a definition for PE and 10 research questions that guided a systematic literature review (SLR). The results from the SLR were discussed and used as a basis for developing the recommendations, a research agenda and an educational agenda. The recommendations were categorised according to level and strength of evidence graded from A (highest) to D (lowest). Task force members rated their agreement with each recommendation from 0 (total disagreement) to 10 (total agreement). RESULTS: Based on the SLR and expert opinions, eight recommendations were developed, four with strength A evidence. The recommendations addressed when and by whom PE should be offered, modes and methods of delivery, theoretical framework, outcomes and evaluation. A high level of agreement was achieved for all recommendations (mean range 9.4-9.8). The task force proposed a research agenda and an educational agenda. CONCLUSIONS: The eight evidence-based and expert opinion-based recommendations for PE for people with inflammatory arthritis are intended to provide a core framework for the delivery of PE and training for health professionals in delivering PE across Europe.

Centre for Innovation and Leadership in Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Southampton Highfield Southampton UK

Department of Medicine Division of Rheumatology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands

Department of National Team Portuguese Cycling Federation Lisbon Portugal

Department of Patient and Care Department of Rheumatology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care University of Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands

Department of Psychology Health and Technology University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands

Department of Psychology University of Twente Health and Technology Enschede The Netherlands

Department of Rheumatology National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology Diakonhjemmet Hospital Oslo Norway

Division of physiotherapy Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

Division of Rheumatology Department of Medicine 3 Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Institute for Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark Hospital of Southern Jutland Aabenraa Denmark King Christian X's Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases Graasten Denmark

Institute of Physiotherapy School of Health Professions Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur Switzerland

Institute of Rheumatology Prague Czech Republic

Nyborg Denmark

School of Healthcare University of Leeds Leeds UK and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Leeds Leeds UK

Sorbonne Universités Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique Paris France Department of rheumatology AP HP Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital Paris France

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EULAR points to consider for the management of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis