Stereotypie jsou opakující se, rytmické, zdánlivě neúčelné pohybové vzorce. Primární stereotypie jsou typicky popisovány u zdravých dětí s normálním vývojem, stereotypie se spouštěčem v dospělosti jsou výrazně vzácnější. Prevalence primárních stereotypií se udává mezi 3 až 8 %. Sekundární stereotypie se objevují buď v důsledku senzorické deprivace, sociální izolace, nebo jako součást širší symptomatiky u mnoha, především neurovývojových, onemocnění, u psychiatrických onemocnění nebo jako součást polékových syndromů. V genezi stereotypií se zvažují jak neurobiologické mechanismy včetně genetické dispozice, tak vlivy zevního prostředí a sociálních interakcí. Základním terapeutickým postupem je edukace a behaviorální terapie, u farmakologických postupů bohužel scházejí randomizované, dvojitě zaslepené studie.
Stereotypies are repetitive, rhythmic, seemingly purposeless movement patterns. Primary stereotypies are typically described in healthy children with normal development, stereotypies with a trigger in adulthood are significantly rarer. The prevalence of primary stereotypies is reported between 3 and 8 %. Secondary stereotypies appear either as a result of sensory deprivation, social isolation or as part of broader syndroms in many, especially neurodevelopmental diseases, in psychiatric diseases or drug-induced syndromes. In the genesis of stereotypies, both neurobiological mechanisms, including genetic disposition, and the effects of the external environment and social interactions are considered. The basic therapeutic procedure are education and behavioral therapy, unfortunately there are no randomized, double-blind studies for pharmacological procedures.
AIMS: Tailored education is recommended for cardiac patients, yet little is known about information needs in areas of the world where it is most needed. This study aims to assess (i) the measurement properties of the Information Needs in Cardiac Rehabilitation short version (INCR-S) scale and (ii) patient's information needs globally. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this cross-sectional study, English, simplified Chinese, Portuguese, or Korean versions of the INCR-S were administered to in- or out-patients via Qualtrics (January 2022-November 2023). Members of the International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation community facilitated recruitment. Importance and knowledge sufficiency of 36 items were rated. Links to evidence-based lay education were provided where warranted. A total of 1601 patients from 19 middle- and high-income countries across the world participated. Structural validity was supported upon factor analysis, with five subscales extracted: symptom response/medication, heart diseases/diagnostic tests/treatments, exercise and return-to-life roles/programmes to support, risk factors, and healthy eating/psychosocial management. Cronbach's alpha was 0.97. Construct validity was supported through significantly higher knowledge sufficiency ratings for all items and information importance ratings for all subscales in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) enrolees vs. non-enrolees (all P < 0.001). All items were rated as very important-particularly regarding cardiac events, nutrition, exercise benefits, medications, symptom response, risk factor control, and CR-but more so in high-income countries in the Americas and Western Pacific. Knowledge sufficiency ranged from 30.0 to 67.4%, varying by region and income class. Ratings were highest for medications and lowest for support groups, resistance training, and alternative medicine. CONCLUSION: Identification of information needs using the valid and reliable INCR-S can inform educational approaches to optimize patients' health outcomes across the globe.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kardiovaskulární rehabilitace * normy metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci srdce rehabilitace diagnóza psychologie MeSH
- odhad potřeb * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychometrie * MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vzdělávání pacientů jako téma * MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- validační studie MeSH
- MeSH
- dechová cvičení klasifikace metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- fyzioterapie (techniky) klasifikace přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- infekce dýchací soustavy * rehabilitace terapie MeSH
- kineziologie aplikovaná metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rehabilitace * metody MeSH
- vzdělávání pacientů jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Prehabilitation aims to improve patients' physical condition before a stressful event, such as surgery, and enhance recovery. Despite its potential benefits, many emerging prehabilitation programs face challenges in enrolling or retaining patients. In our prehabilitation study PHOCUS, which aims to prepare ovarian cancer patients for surgery, we have also encountered lower acceptance and retention rates. Particularly the most vulnerable patients, who are old and frail, and may benefit the most from the prehabilitation, decline participation due to the complexity of the proposed program. In our review we discussed obstacles and barriers that prevent patients' participation based on both literature and our experience. Among the main reasons are patient's low motivation, high intensity of the program and a lack of social support. To overcome these challenges, we suggest increasing the program's flexibility, adapting the program according to individual patient's needs and enhancing patients' education about the benefits of prehabilitation.
- MeSH
- fyzioterapie v předoperační přípravě * psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motivace MeSH
- nádory vaječníků chirurgie MeSH
- nádory ženských pohlavních orgánů * rehabilitace chirurgie MeSH
- pacientův souhlas se zdravotní péčí psychologie MeSH
- předoperační péče metody MeSH
- sociální opora MeSH
- vzdělávání pacientů jako téma metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Aim: This study aims to evaluate how a Hypoglycaemia Education Programme (HEP) affects the hypoglycaemia outcomes of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This study which included a six-month follow-up was conducted with 101 patients with T2DM receiving insulin in the outpatient diabetes clinic. The patients were assigned to the HEP group (n = 51) and the control (n = 50) group. Patients in the HEP group participated in the Hypoglycaemia Education Programme. The patients in both groups were assessed at baseline, and one, three, and six months after HEP using the Clarke Hypoglycaemia Awareness Scale and the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey in terms of frequency, self-management behaviours of hypoglycaemia, fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Results: The HEP group had a higher score of hypoglycaemia awareness in six months compared to the control group (p = 0.006). Fear of hypoglycaemia decreased significantly (p < 0.001) but the frequency of hypoglycaemia did not change in the HEP group compared to the control group (p > 0.05). While self-management behaviours for hypoglycaemia improved in the HEP group, no change was observed in the control group (p = 0.005). Moreover, HbA1c lowered significantly in the HEP group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: As a unique first programme on hypoglycaemia management in T2DM in Turkey, HEP is effective for improving self-management behaviours for hypoglycaemia, hypoglycaemia awareness, and glycaemic control.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu MeSH
- hypoglykemie * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- self-management MeSH
- vzdělávání pacientů jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders, with type 2 DM being the most common form. It ranks as the sixth-leading cause of death worldwide, yet medication adherence and self-care remain low. Given that knowledge significantly influences these outcomes, this paper aims to evaluate the effect of mobile phone-assisted health education programs on patients with type 2 DM. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCOhost, employing keywords relevant to the research topic. The research question was structured using the PICOS framework: (1) Population: patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; (2) Intervention: health education via mobile phone; (3) Comparison: conventional health education; (4) Outcome: diabetes self-management, glycemic control, and medication adherence; (5) Study design: randomized controlled trials. Results: The search identified approximately 678 articles discussing health education interventions using mobile phones. After a thorough screening process, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that mobile phone-based education interventions can enhance adherence to diabetes self-management, improve glycemic control, and positively impact clinical parameters such as lipid levels, body mass index, blood pressure, and medication adherence. Conclusion: Health education interventions delivered by healthcare professionals through mobile phones can significantly improve self-care management and prevent complications in patients with type 2 diabetes who maintain controlled blood glucose levels.
Background: Primigravidas are at high risk of experiencing emotional disorders, stress, anxiety, and depression, which can lead to fetal neglect and a lack of adequate pregnancy care. This may result in problems with fetal growth and development, low birth weight, and even infant death. A strong maternal-fetal attachment significantly influences pregnancy care practices. However, there is no prenatal attachment education program included in routine education. Aim: This study aimed to explore healthcare workers' perspectives on the need to develop a prenatal attachment education package for pregnant women in public health centers. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted among eight healthcare workers from eight public health centers in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; a regency with the seventh highest infant death rate in the country. Inclusion criteria included healthcare workers in maternity and child health units who resided in Bantul and agreed to participate. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the participants. Data collection was conducted through focus group discussion (FGD) with an interview guide. The FGD data were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo 12 Pro International software. Results: The findings identified 216 codes, 16 categories, and 4 themes, including (1) pregnancy education program, (2) maternal-fetal attachment education program, (3) pregnancy emotional management program, and (4) husband support education program. Conclusion: This study identified four themes and sixteen categories that underscore the need for further research to develop guidelines, materials, and media for prenatal attachment education packages.
- MeSH
- gravidita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maternofetální vztahy psychologie MeSH
- příprava pro nastávající rodiče * MeSH
- služby zdravotní péče o matku organizace a řízení MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- těhotenství psychologie MeSH
- vzdělávání pacientů jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství psychologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indonésie MeSH
1. elektronické vydání 1 online zdroj (84 stran)
Publikace o péči o sluchově postižené pacienty, kteří potřebují interdisciplinární přístup lékařů a nelékařských zdravotnických pracovníků (psycholog, logoped, pediatr, neurolog).
