Biting midges of the genus Culicoides transmit pathogens of veterinary importance such as bluetongue virus (Reoviridae: Orbivirus). The saliva of Culicoides is known to contain bioactive molecules including peptides and proteins with vasodilatory and immunomodulative properties. In this study, we detected activity of enzyme hyaluronidase in six Culicoides species that commonly occur in Europe and that are putative vectors of arboviruses. Hyaluronidase was present in all species studied, although its molecular size, sensitivity to SDS, and substrate specificity differed between species. Further studies on the potential effect of hyaluronidase activity on the vector competence of Culicoides species for arboviruses would be beneficial.

Cirad UMR15 Contrôle des maladies Montpellier France INRA UMR1309 Contrôle des maladies Montpellier France

Department of Parasitology Charles University Prague Faculty of Science Czech Republic

Department of Parasitology Charles University Prague Faculty of Science Czech Republic Both authors contributed equally to this work

Vector borne Viral Diseases Programme The Pirbright Institute Pirbright Surrey GU24 0NF United Kingdom and

Vector borne Viral Diseases Programme The Pirbright Institute Pirbright Surrey GU24 0NF United Kingdom and School of Veterinary Medicine University of Surrey Guildford GU27AL United Kingdom

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Human immune response against salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l.: A new epidemiological marker for exposure to blackfly bites in onchocerciasis endemic areas