Cytokinins represent an important group of plant growth regulators that can modulate several biotechnological processes owing to their ability to influence almost all stages of plant development and growth. In addition, the use of purine based cytokinins with aromatic substituent in C6 position of the purine moiety in tissue culture techniques is currently experiencing a surge in interest, made possible by the ongoing systematic synthesis and study of these compounds. This review article outlines progress in the synthesis of aromatic cytokinins, the in vitro and in vivo effects of these substances and insights gleaned from their synthesis. As the purine moiety in these compounds can be substituted at several positions, we examine each of the substitution possibilities in relation to the derivatives prepared so far. The discussion highlights the gradual simplification of their preparation in relation to their application in practice and summarizes the relevant organic chemistry literature and published patents.

Isotope Laboratory Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR Vídeňská 1083 Praha 4 14220 Czech Republic

Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Faculty of Science Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR Šlechtitelů 11 CZ 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic

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Total synthesis of [15N]-labelled C6-substituted purines from [15N]-formamide-easy preparation of isotopically labelled cytokinins and derivatives