AIMS: Chronic endothelin receptor A (ETA) blockade lowered blood pressure (BP) by decreasing angiotensin-dependent vasoconstriction and attenuating calcium influx. We tested whether the addition of ETA blockade to renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade would have further effects on the principal vasoactive systems contributing to BP maintenance in Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR). METHODS: Four-week-old TGR rats were fed with normal-salt diet and given either different renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers [angiotensin receptor blocker losartan, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, direct renin inhibitor aliskiren], or ETA blocker (atrasentan) alone, or a combination of atrasentan with RAS blockers for 4weeks. At the end of the study, basal BP and acute BP responses to sequential blockade of renin-angiotensin (RAS), sympathetic nervous (SNS), and nitric oxide (NO) systems were determined in conscious rats. Thereafter, BP responses to acute inhibition of nifedipine-sensitive calcium influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels (L-VDCC) were measured. KEY FINDINGS: All RAS blockers similarly decreased BP to normotension, their effects being mediated through substantially attenuated RAS-dependent and moderately decreased SNS-dependent vasoconstriction. Atrasentan alone partially lowered BP, while BP was normalized by combination of atrasentan with either RAS blocker. In combination therapies, BP lowering effects resulted from the attenuation of both RAS- and SNS-dependent vasoconstriction. Moreover, atrasentan-treated groups had substantially reduced NO-dependent vasodilation and significantly decreased calcium influx through L-VDCC. CONCLUSIONS: Although the BP-lowering effect of combined ETA and RAS blockades in TGR is predominantly dependent on the effects exerted by RAS blockade, further effects are attributable to decreased calcium influx due to chronic ETA blockade.

Institute of Physiology AS CR Prague Czech Republic

References provided by Crossref.org

Altered Balance between Vasoconstrictor and Vasodilator Systems in Experimental Hypertension

Both central sympathoexcitation and peripheral angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction contribute to hypertension development in immature heterozygous Ren-2 transgenic rats

Increased Endogenous Activity of the Renin-Angiotensin System Reduces Infarct Size in the Rats with Early Angiotensin II-dependent Hypertension which Survive the Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Renoprotection Provided by Additional Diuretic Treatment in Partially Nephrectomized Ren-2 Transgenic Rats Subjected to the Combined RAS and ETA Blockade