The randomized phase 3 ENDEAVOR study (N=929) compared carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Kd) with bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd) in relapsed multiple myeloma (RMM). We performed a subgroup analysis from ENDEAVOR in patients categorized by number of prior lines of therapy or by prior treatment. Median progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with one prior line was 22.2 months for Kd vs 10.1 months for Vd, and median PFS for patients with ⩾2 prior lines was 14.9 months for Kd vs 8.4 months for Vd. For patients with prior bortezomib exposure, the median PFS was 15.6 months for Kd vs 8.1 months for Vd, and for patients with prior lenalidomide exposure the median PFS was 12.9 months for Kd vs 7.3 months for Vd. Overall response rates (Kd vs Vd) were 81.9 vs 65.5% (one prior line), 72.0 vs 59.7% (⩾2 prior lines), 71.2 vs 60.3% (prior bortezomib) and 70.1 vs 59.3% (prior lenalidomide). The safety profile in the prior lines subgroups was qualitatively similar to that in the broader ENDEAVOR population. In RMM, outcomes are improved when receiving treatment with carfilzomib compared with bortezomib, regardless of the number of prior therapy lines or prior exposure to bortezomib or lenalidomide.

CHRU Lille Hôpital Claude Huriez Lille France

Department of Hematooncology University Hospital Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic

Division of Hematology Department of Translational Medicine Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont Novara Italy

Heidelberg Medical University Heidelberg Germany

Hematological Department 1st Republican Clinical Hospital of Udmurtia Izhevsk Russia

Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Institut Català d'Oncologia Institut Josep Carreras Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol Barcelona Spain

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece

National University Cancer Institute National University Health System; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore

Onyx Pharmaceuticals Inc an Amgen subsidiary South San Francisco CA USA

Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia

Universitätsklinikum Tübingen Tübingen Germany

University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic

University Hospital Ostrava Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic

University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment 'Sv Georgi' and Medical University Plovdiv Bulgaria

University of Nantes Nantes France

University of Torino Torino Italy

Weill Cornell Medical College New York Presbyterian Hospital New York NY USA

Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute Wilhelminenspital Vienna Austria

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