Cardiac Calcifications on Echocardiography Are Associated with Mortality and Stroke
Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké Médium print-electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články
PubMed
27742243
DOI
10.1016/j.echo.2016.08.020
PII: S0894-7317(16)30429-1
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- Klíčová slova
- Echocardiography, Global cardiac calcium score,
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda diagnostické zobrazování mortalita MeSH
- echokardiografie metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kardiomyopatie diagnostické zobrazování mortalita MeSH
- kauzalita MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- vaskulární kalcifikace diagnostické zobrazování mortalita MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Pennsylvania epidemiologie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Calcium deposits in the aortic valve and mitral annulus have been associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. However, there is no accepted standard method for scoring such cardiac calcifications, and most existing methods are simplistic. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a semiquantitative score, one that accounts for all visible calcium on echocardiography, could predict all-cause mortality and stroke in a graded fashion. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 443 unselected subjects derived from a general echocardiography database. A global cardiac calcium score (GCCS) was applied that assigned points for calcification in the aortic root and valve, mitral annulus and valve, and submitral apparatus, and points for restricted leaflet mobility. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was stroke. RESULTS: Over a mean 3.8 ± 1.7 years of follow-up, there were 116 deaths and 34 strokes. Crude mortality increased in a graded fashion with increasing GCCS. In unadjusted proportional hazard analysis, the GCCS was significantly associated with total mortality (hazard ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17-1.35; P < .0001) and stroke (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07-1.40; P = .003). After adjusting for demographic and clinical factors (age, gender, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, family history of coronary disease, chronic kidney disease, history of atrial fibrillation, and history of stroke), these associations remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: The GCCS is easily applied to routinely acquired echocardiograms and has clinically significant associations with total mortality and stroke.
Department of Internal Medicine Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania
Institute for Heart and Vascular Health Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania
International Clinical Research Center St Anne's University Hospital Brno Czech Republic
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