Cardiac Calcifications on Echocardiography Are Associated with Mortality and Stroke
Language English Country United States Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article
PubMed
27742243
DOI
10.1016/j.echo.2016.08.020
PII: S0894-7317(16)30429-1
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- Echocardiography, Global cardiac calcium score,
- MeSH
- Stroke diagnostic imaging mortality MeSH
- Echocardiography methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Incidence MeSH
- Cardiomyopathies diagnostic imaging mortality MeSH
- Causality MeSH
- Comorbidity MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Survival Rate MeSH
- Observer Variation MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Sex Distribution MeSH
- Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
- Vascular Calcification diagnostic imaging mortality MeSH
- Age Distribution MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Pennsylvania epidemiology MeSH
BACKGROUND: Calcium deposits in the aortic valve and mitral annulus have been associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. However, there is no accepted standard method for scoring such cardiac calcifications, and most existing methods are simplistic. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a semiquantitative score, one that accounts for all visible calcium on echocardiography, could predict all-cause mortality and stroke in a graded fashion. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 443 unselected subjects derived from a general echocardiography database. A global cardiac calcium score (GCCS) was applied that assigned points for calcification in the aortic root and valve, mitral annulus and valve, and submitral apparatus, and points for restricted leaflet mobility. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was stroke. RESULTS: Over a mean 3.8 ± 1.7 years of follow-up, there were 116 deaths and 34 strokes. Crude mortality increased in a graded fashion with increasing GCCS. In unadjusted proportional hazard analysis, the GCCS was significantly associated with total mortality (hazard ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17-1.35; P < .0001) and stroke (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07-1.40; P = .003). After adjusting for demographic and clinical factors (age, gender, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, family history of coronary disease, chronic kidney disease, history of atrial fibrillation, and history of stroke), these associations remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: The GCCS is easily applied to routinely acquired echocardiograms and has clinically significant associations with total mortality and stroke.
Department of Internal Medicine Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania
Institute for Heart and Vascular Health Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania
International Clinical Research Center St Anne's University Hospital Brno Czech Republic
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