The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE Jazyk angličtina Země Velká Británie, Anglie Médium electronic-ecollection
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články
PubMed
28070282
PubMed Central
PMC5215197
DOI
10.1002/ece3.2579
PII: ECE32579
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- Klíčová slova
- data sharing, global biodiversity modeling, global change, habitat destruction, land use,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
AgResearch Limited Invermay Agricultural Centre Puddle Alley Mosgiel New Zealand
AgResearch Limited Lincoln Research Centre Christchurch New Zealand
AgResearch Ruakura Research Centre Hamilton New Zealand
Agroecology Department of Crop Sciences Georg August University Göttingen Germany
Albertine Rift Program Wildlife Conservation Society Kampala Uganda
Alterra part of Wageningen University and Research RB Wageningen The Netherlands
Applied Ecological Services Inc Prior Lake MN USA
Applied Entomology ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
Associate of Arts Program University of Delaware Wilmington Wilmington DE USA
Basque Centre for Climate Change BC3 Bilbao Spain
Biocentre Grindel University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados Instituto de Ecología A C El Haya Xalapa Mexico
Biology and Biomedical Sciences Division University of Brighton Brighton UK
Biology Department Universidad del Valle Cali Colombia
Bishop's University Sherbrooke QC Canada
Botany Department National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya
Botany Department University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
Botany School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
British Trust for Ornithology Stirling UK
Carste Ciência e Meio Ambiente Floresta Belo Horizonte Brazil
Catedras CONACYT CIIDIR Unidad Oaxaca IPN Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán Mexico
CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre Utrecht The Netherlands
Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden Saint Louis MO USA
Center for Ecology Development and Research Dehradun India
Center for International Forestry Research Bogor Indonesia
Centre d'étude de la forêt Université Laval Laval QC Canada
Centre for Biological Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Mexico
Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad Universidad de Alicante Alicante Spain
Charles Darwin University Brinkin NT Australia
China International Engineering Consulting Corporation Haidian District Beijing China
CIRAD UMR System Montpellier France; ICRAF Regional Office for Latin America Lima Peru
CMRPZ 1 E Plaza Bonita San Andrés de Sotavento Colombia
CNRS UMR 7206 CNRS MNHN Paris France
College of Bioresource Science Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
College of Science Engineering and Health RMIT University Melbourne Vic Australia
Cologne Biocenter Zoological Institute University of Cologne Köln Germany
Computational Ecology and Environmental Science Microsoft Research Cambridge UK
Conservation Ecology Faculty of Biology Philipps Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
Corporación Sentido Natural Bogotá Colombia
CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia Spain
CSIRO Dutton Park Qld Australia
CSIRO Land and Water Flagship Canberra ACT Australia
CSIRO Land and Water Flagship Winnellie NT Australia
Departament de Ciències Ambientals Universitat de Girona Girona Spain
Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
Departamento de Biología Madrid Spain
Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Sergipe São Cristóvão Se Brazil
Departamento de Botánica Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Valencia Burjassot Valencia Spain
Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas Universidad de las Américas Puebla Cholula Mexico
Departamento de Gestión Agraria Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago Chile
Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
Département des sciences biologiques Montréal QC Canada
Department of Agroecology Flakkebjerg Research Centre Aarhus University Slagelse Denmark
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology University of Benin Benin City Nigeria
Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield UK
Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Biocenter University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
Department of Animal Ecology Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
Department of Arctic and Marine Biology University of Tromsø Tromsø Norway
Department of Biological Sciences Brock University St Catharines ON Canada
Department of Biological Sciences Mount Holyoke College South Hadley MA USA
Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
Department of Biology and Ecology Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
Department of Biology Biodiversity Lund University Lund Sweden
Department of Biology CESAM Universidade de Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
Department of Biology Federal University of Santa Maria CCNE Santa Maria Brazil
Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
Department of Biology John Carroll University University Heights OH USA
Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
Department of Biology Saint Louis University St Louis MO USA
Department of Biology San Francisco State University San Francisco CA USA
Department of Biology Trent University Peterborough ON Canada
Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
Department of Community Ecology UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Halle Germany
Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
Department of Ecology and Animal Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Vigo Vigo Spain
Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University Umeå Sweden
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management Ås Norway
Department of Ecology Animal Ecology Faculty of Biology Philipps Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
Department of Ecology Faculty of Veterinary Science SZIE University Budapest Hungary
Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
Department of Ecology University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of Delaware Newark DE USA
Department of Entomology Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
Department of Entomology University of California Riverside CA USA
Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University Perth WA Australia
Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management University of Patras Agrinio Greece
Department of Environmental Science and Policy Drake University Des Moines IA USA
Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley CA USA
Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London London UK
Department of Geography University of Bergen Bergen Norway
Department of Geography University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA
Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot UK
Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UK
Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Iowa State University Ames IA USA
Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Ste Ann de Bellevue QC Canada
Department of Natural Resource Sciences Thompson Rivers University Kamloops BC Canada
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL USA
Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis Davis CA USA
Department of Wildlife Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania
Department of Wildlife Management University of Eldoret Eldoret Kenya
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science Gurukula Kangri University Haridwar India
Department of Zoology Cambridge University Cambridge UK
Department of Zoology Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
DIFAR University of Genova Genova Italy
Dipartimento di Biologia Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
Dipartimento di Biologia Università di Napoli Federico 2 Napoli Italy
Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust Trinity Jersey
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
Ecologia Aplicada Applied Ecology Universidade Sagrado Coração Bauru Brazil
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Ecología Evolutiva y Conservación San Cristóbal de las Casas Mexico
Entomology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica San José Costa Rica
Escuela de Biologia Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro Costa Rica
Escuela de Biología Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Colombia
Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Mexico
Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture Universiti Malaysia Sabah Sandakan Malaysia
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan
French Institute of Pondicherry UMIFRE 21 CNRS MAEE Puducherry India
Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Kobe Japan
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
Grupo Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Tapachula Mexico
Grupos de Fauna Instituto amazónico de investigaciones científicas Sinchi Bogotá Colombia
Guangdong Entomological Institute South China Institute of Endangered Animals Guangzhou China
Hiroshima University Leading program Higashihiroshima Kagamiyama Japan
Hopkirk Institute Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
Human Environment Systems Center Boise State University Boise ID USA
IDEA Consultants Inc Okinawa Branch Office Naha Japan
Imperial College London South Kensington London UK
Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
INRA UMR 1213 Herbivores Saint Genès Champanelle France
INRA UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement Avignon France
INRAUR 0980 SAD Paysage Rennes Cedex France; INRA UMR 1201 DYNAFOR Castanet Tolosan Cedex France
Insect Ecology Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
Institute for Ecology Evolution and Diversity Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
Institute for Environmental Sciences University Koblenz Landau Landau Germany
Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz Landau Landau Germany
Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Science Sofia Bulgaria
Institute of Biodiversity Science School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy Bucharest Romania
Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
Institute of Ecology FB2 University of Bremen Bremen Germany
Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences University of Hyogo Hyogo Japan
Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection University of West Hungary Sopron Hungary
Institute of Zoology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Brazil
Instituto de Biotecnologia y Ecologia Aplicada Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Mexico
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Brazil
Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA CRI Kampenaike Punta Arenas Chile
Instituto de Investigaciones y Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Bogotá Colombia
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Bariloche Bariloche Argentina
Instituto Neotropical Pesquisa e Conservação Curitiba Brazil
Integrated Environmental Consultants Namibia Windhoek Namibia
International University of Malaya Wales Jalan Tun Ismail Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
IRD UMR 208 PALOC IRD MNHN Paris France
IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation Campanillas Málaga Spain
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng China
Kwata NGO Cayenne French Guiana
Lab Ecotono INIBIOMA Bariloche Argentina
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Brazil
Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Abejas LABUN Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá D C Colombia
Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Abejas Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia
Laboratorio de Zoología y Ecología Acuática LAZOEA Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá Colombia
Laboratorio Ecotono CONICET INIBIOMA Universidad Nacional del Comahue Bariloche Argentina
Laboratorio Ecotono CRUB Universidad Nacional del Comahue and INIBIOMA Río Negro Argentina
Lawrence University Appleton WI USA
Life Sciences Department University of Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
MARETEC Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
Marshall Agroecology Ltd Barton Winscombe UK
Mater Natura Instituto de Estudos Ambientais Curitiba Brazil
MTA Centre for Ecological Research Vácrátót Hungary
MTA DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group Debrecen Hungary
Museo de Historia Natural Vera Alleman Haeghebaert Universidad Ricardo Palma Lima 33 Peru
Museu de Ciències Naturals de Granollers Granollers Barcelona Spain
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência Borboletário Depart Zoologia Lisboa Portugal
Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
National Aviary Allegheny Commons West Pittsburgh PA USA
National Institute of Agricultural Technology Buenos Aires Argentina
National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya
Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Laurentian Forestry Centre Québec QC Canada
Nature Conservation Foundation Mysore India
Nature Science Initiative Dehradun India
Naturhistorisches Museum Basel Leiter Biowissenschaften Basel Switzerland
Naturschutz Planung und Beratung Wiesendangen Switzerland
Nees Institute for Plant Biodiversity University of Bonn Bonn Germany
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bush Estate Penicuik Edinburgh UK
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford UK
Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham NC USA
Northern Hardwoods Research Institute Edmundston NB Canada
Organic Research Centre Elm Farm Newbury UK
Oxford University Centre for the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
Programa de Biología Universidad del Atlántico Barranquilla Colombia
Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
Purchase College Purchase NY USA
Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados Instituto de Ecología A C Xalapa Mexico
Research Unit Terrestrial Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
Richard Gilder Graduate School American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
Royal Museum for Central Africa Joint Experimental Molecular Unit Tervuren Belgium
Rubenstein School of Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London UK
School of Biological and Ecological Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK
School of Biological Science University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
School of Biological Sciences Plymouth University Plymouth UK
School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK
School of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of London Egham Surrey UK
School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden Malaysia
School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
School of Biology The University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham UK
School of Biology University of Leeds Leeds West Yorkshire UK
School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic Australia
School of Biosciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic Australia
School of Environment Natural Resources and Geography Bangor University Bangor Gwynedd UK
School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada
School of Forest Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland
School of Forestry University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
School of Land and Food University of Tasmania Sandy Bay Tas Australia
School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Brighton UK
School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
School of Natural Resources and Extension University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA
School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
School of Science and the Environment Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
School of Sustainability Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
Science and Conservation Division Department of Parks and Wildlife Manjimup WA Australia
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Ancon Panama City Republic of Panama
State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe Biosciences Karlsruhe Germany
Sustainability Research Institute School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK
Sustainability Research Institute University of East London London UK
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp Sweden
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Alnarp Sweden
Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Yenimahalle Ankara Turkey
TEHO Laboratory Institiute of Biology University of Antioquia Medellín Colombia
Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
The James Hutton Institute Aberdeen UK
The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Auckland New Zealand
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Edinburgh Park Edinburgh UK
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy Bedfordshire UK
The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences The Swedish Biodiversity Centre Uppsala Sweden
The Wilderness and Wildlife Conservation Trust Colombo Sri Lanka
The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Portland OR USA
Thünen Institute of Biodiversity Braunschweig Germany
Tsukuba University Ibaraki Japan
UCL Department of Geography University College London London UK
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North West University Potchefstroom South Africa
Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U D C A Bogotá Colombia
Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Colombia
Universidad Nacional de Colombia Ciudad Universitaria Bogotá Colombia
Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana Puerto Ordaz Venezuela
Universidade de Évora ICAAM Évora Portugal
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE Cidade Universitaria Recife Brazil
University College London London UK
University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
University of Washington Tacoma Tacoma WA USA
Vietnam National Museum of Nature Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
Wildlife and Range Management Department Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Kumasi Ghana
Wildlife Conservation Society India National Centre for Biological Sciences Bangalore India
World Wildlife Fund Inc Guianas Paramaribo Suriname
Zobrazit více v PubMed
Aben, J. , Dorenbosch, M. , Herzog, S. K. , Smolders, A. J. P. , & Van Der Velde, G. (2008). Human disturbance affects a deciduous forest bird community in the Andean foothills of central Bolivia. Bird Conservation International, 18(4), 363–380. doi:10.1017/s0959270908007326 DOI
Adum, G. B. , Eichhorn, M. P. , Oduro, W. , Ofori‐Boateng, C. , & Rodel, M. O. (2013). Two‐stage recovery of amphibian assemblages following selective logging of tropical forests. Conservation Biology, 27(2), 354–363. doi:10.1111/cobi.12006 PubMed DOI
Aguilar‐Barquero, V. , & Jiménez‐Hernández, F . (2009) Diversidad y distribución de palmas (Arecaceae) en tres fragmentos de bosque muy húmedo en Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 57(Suppl. 1), 83–92.
Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute (ABMI) . (2013). The raw soil arthropods dataset and the raw trees & snags dataset from Prototype Phase (2003–2006) and Rotation 1 (2007–2012). http://www.abmi.ca
Albertos, B. , Lara, F. , Garilleti, R. , & Mazimpaka, V. (2005). A survey of the epiphytic bryophyte flora in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Cryptogamie, 26(3), 263–289.
Alcala, E. L. , Alcala, A. C. , & Dolino, C. N. (2004). Amphibians and reptiles in tropical rainforest fragments on Negros Island, the Philippines. Environmental Conservation, 31(3), 254–261. doi:10.1017/s0376892904001407 DOI
Alcayaga, O. E. , Pizarro‐Araya, J. , Alfaro, F. M. , & Cepeda‐Pizarro, J. (2013). Spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) associated to agroecosystems in the Elqui Valley (Coquimbo Region, Chile). Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 39(1), 150–154.
Alguacil, M. D. M. , Torrecillas, E. , Hernandez, G. , & Roldan, A . (2012) Changes in the diversity of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi after cultivation for biofuel production in a Guantanamo (Cuba) tropical system. PLoS One, 7(4), 1–8. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034887 PubMed DOI PMC
Alignier, A. , & Deconchat, M. (2013). Patterns of forest vegetation responses to edge effect as revealed by a continuous approach. Annals of Forest Science, 70(6), 601–609. doi:10.1007/s13595‐013‐0301‐0 DOI
Alkemade, R. , van Oorschot, M. , Miles, L. , Nellemann, C. , Bakkenes, M. , & ten Brink, B. (2009). GLOBIO3: A framework to investigate options for reducing global terrestrial biodiversity loss. Ecosystems, 12(3), 374–390. doi:10.1007/s10021‐009‐9229‐5 DOI
Ancrenaz, M. , Goossens, B. , Gimenez, O. , Sawang, A. , & Lackman‐Ancrenaz, I. (2004). Determination of ape distribution and population size using ground and aerial surveys: A case study with orang‐utans in lower Kinabatangan, Sabah, Malaysia. Animal Conservation, 7, 375–385. doi:10.1017/s136794300400157x DOI
Andersen, A. N. , & Hoffmann, B. D. (2011). Conservation value of low fire frequency in tropical savannas: Ants in monsoonal northern Australia. Austral Ecology, 36(5), 497–503. doi:10.1111/j.1442‐9993.2010.02151.x DOI
Andersen, A. N. , Ludwig, J. A. , Lowe, L. M. , & Rentz, D. C. F. (2001). Grasshopper biodiversity and bioindicators in Australian tropical savannas: Responses to disturbance in Kakadu National Park. Austral Ecology, 26(3), 213–222. doi:10.1046/j.1442‐9993.2001.01106.x DOI
Arbeláez‐Cortés, E. , Rodríguez‐Correa, H. A. , & Restrepo‐Chica, M. (2011). Mixed bird flocks: Patterns of activity and species composition in a region of the Central Andes of Colombia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 82(2), 639–651.
Armbrecht, I. , Perfecto, I. , & Silverman, E. (2006). Limitation of nesting resources for ants in Colombian forests and coffee plantations. Ecological Entomology, 31(5), 403–410. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2311.2006.00802.x DOI
Arroyo, J. , Iturrondobeitia, J. C. , Rad, C. , & Gonzalez‐Carcedo, S. (2005). Oribatid mite (Acari) community structure in steppic habitats of Burgos Province, central northern Spain. Journal of Natural History, 39(39), 3453–3470. doi:10.1080/00222930500240346 DOI
Aumann, T. (2001). The structure of raptor assemblages in riparian environments in the south‐west of the Northern Territory, Australia. Emu, 101(4), 293–304. doi:10.1071/mu00072 DOI
Austin, M. P. , Nicholls, A. O. , & Margules, C. R. (1990). Measurement of the realized qualitative niche: Environmental niches of five Eucalyptus species. Ecological Monographs, 60(2), 161–177. doi:10.2307/1943043 DOI
Axmacher, J. , Brehm, G. , Hemp, A. , Tunte, H. , Lyaruu, H. , Muller‐Hohenstein, K. , & Fiedler, K. (2009). Determinants of diversity in afrotropical herbivorous insects (Lepidoptera: Geometridae): Plant diversity, vegetation structure or abiotic factors? Journal of Biogeography, 36(2), 337–349. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2699.2008.01997.x DOI
Azaele, S. , Maritan, A. , Cornell, S. J. , Suweis, S. , Banavar, J. R. , Gabriel, D. , & Kunin, W. E. (2015). Towards a unified descriptive theory for spatial ecology: Predicting biodiversity patterns across spatial scales. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6(3), 324–332. doi:10.1111/2041‐210X.12319 DOI
Azhar, B. , Lindenmayer, D. B. , Wood, J. , Fischer, J. , Manning, A. , McElhinny, C. , & Zakaria, M. (2013). The influence of agricultural system, stand structural complexity and landscape context on foraging birds in oil palm landscapes. Ibis, 155(2), 297–312. doi:10.1111/ibi.12025 DOI
Azman, N. M. , Latip, N. S. A. , Sah, S. A. M. , Akil, M. A. M. M. , Shafie, N. J. , & Khairuddin, N. L. (2011). Avian diversity and feeding guilds in a secondary forest, an oil palm plantation and a paddy field in Riparian areas of the Kerian River Basin, Perak, Malaysia. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 22(2), 45–64. PubMed PMC
Azpiroz, A. B. , & Blake, J. G. (2009). Avian assemblages in altered and natural grasslands in the northern Campos of Uruguay. Condor, 111(1), 21–35. doi:10.1525/cond.2009.080111 DOI
Baeten, L. , Hermy, M. , Van Daele, S. , & Verheyen, K. (2010). Unexpected understorey community development after 30 years in ancient and post‐agricultural forests. Journal of Ecology, 98(6), 1447–1453. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2745.2010.01711.x DOI
Baeten, L. , Velghe, D. , Vanhellemont, M. , De Frenne, P. , Hermy, M. , & Verheyen, K. (2010). Early trajectories of spontaneous vegetation recovery after intensive agricultural land use. Restoration Ecology, 18, 379–386. doi:10.1111/j.1526‐100x.2009.00627.x DOI
Bakayoko, A. , Martin, P. , Chatelain, C. , Traore, D. , & Gautier, L. (2011). Diversity, family dominance, life forms and ecological strategies of forest fragments compared to continuous forest in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. Candollea, 66(2), 255–262. doi:10.15553/c2011v662a2 DOI
Báldi, A. , Batáry, P. , & Erdős, S . (2005) Effects of grazing intensity on bird assemblages and populations of Hungarian grasslands. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 108(3), 251–263. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.006 DOI
Balmford, A . (1996) Extinction filters and current resilience: The significance of past selection pressures for conservation biology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 11 (5), 193–196. doi:10.1016/0169‐5347(96)10026‐4 PubMed DOI
Balmford, A. , Green, R. E. , & Jenkins, M. (2003). Measuring the changing state of nature. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18(7), 326–330. doi:10.1016/S0169‐5347(03)00067‐3 DOI
Banks, J. E. , Sandvik, P. , & Keesecker, L. (2007). Beetle (Coleoptera) and spider (Araneae) diversity in a mosaic of farmland, edge, and tropical forest habitats in western Costa Rica. Pan‐Pacific Entomologist, 83(2), 152–160. doi:10.3956/0031‐0603‐83.2.152 DOI
Baral, S. K. , & Katzensteiner, K. (2009). Diversity of vascular plant communities along a disturbance gradient in a central mid‐hill community forest of Nepal. Banko Janakari, 19(1), 3–7. doi:10.3126/banko.v19i1.2176 DOI
Barlow, J. , Gardner, T. A. , Araujo, I. S. , Avila‐Pires, T. C. , Bonaldo, A. B. , Costa, J. E. , … Peres, C. A. (2007). Quantifying the biodiversity value of tropical primary, secondary, and plantation forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(47), 18555–18560. doi:10.1073/pnas.0703333104 PubMed DOI PMC
Barlow, J. , Mestre, L. A. M. , Gardner, T. A. , & Peres, C. A. (2007). The value of primary, secondary and plantation forests for Amazonian birds. Biological Conservation, 136(2), 212–231. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.021 DOI
Barlow, J. , Overal, W. L. , Araujo, I. S. , Gardner, T. A. , & Peres, C. A. (2007). The value of primary, secondary and plantation forests for fruit‐feeding butterflies in the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Applied Ecology, 44(5), 1001–1012. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2007.01347.x DOI
Barratt, B. I. P. , Ferguson, C. M. , Logan, R. A. S. , Barton, D. , Bell, N. L. , Sarathchandra, S. U. , & Townsend, R. J. (2005). Biodiversity of indigenous tussock grassland sites in Otago, Canterbury and the central North Island of New Zealand I. The macro‐invertebrate fauna. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 35(3), 287–301. doi:10.1080/03014223.2005.9517785 DOI
Barratt, B. I. P. , Worner, S. P. , Affeld, K. , Ferguson, C. M. , Barton, D. M. , Bell, N. L. , & Townsend, R. J. (2012). Biodiversity of indigenous tussock grassland sites in Otago, Canterbury and the central North Island of New Zealand VI. Coleoptera biodiversity, community structure, exotic species invasion, and the effect of disturbance by agricultural development. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 42(4), 217–239. doi:10.1080/03036758.2011.559664 DOI
Barrico, L. , Azul, A. M. , Morais, M. C. , Coutinho, A. P. , Freitas, H. , & Castro, P. (2012). Biodiversity in urban ecosystems: Plants and macromycetes as indicators for conservation planning in the city of Coimbra (Portugal). Landscape and Urban Planning, 106(1), 88–102. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.02.011 DOI
Bartolommei, P. , Mortelliti, A. , Pezzo, F. , & Puglisi, L. (2013). Distribution of nocturnal birds (Strigiformes and Caprimulgidae) in relation to land‐use types, extent and configuration in agricultural landscapes of Central Italy. Rendiconti Lincei‐Scienze Fisiche E Naturali, 24(1), 13–21. doi:10.1007/s12210‐012‐0211‐3 DOI
Basset, Y. , Missa, O. , Alonso, A. , Miller, S. E. , Curletti, G. , De Meyer, M. , … Wagner, T. (2008). Changes in arthropod assemblages along a wide gradient of disturbance in Gabon. Conservation Biology, 22(6), 1552–1563. doi:10.1111/j.1523‐1739.2008.01017.x PubMed DOI
Bates, A. J. , Sadler, J. P. , Fairbrass, A. J. , Falk, S. J. , Hale, J. D. , & Matthews, T. J. (2011). Changing bee and hovery pollinator assemblages along an urban‐rural gradient. PLoS One, 6(8), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023459 PubMed DOI PMC
Baur, B. , Cremene, C. , Groza, G. , Rakosy, L. , Schileyko, A. A. , Baur, A. , … Erhardt, A. (2006). Effects of abandonment of subalpine hay meadows on plant and invertebrate diversity in Transylvania, Romania. Biological Conservation, 132(2), 261–273. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.018 DOI
Benedick, S. , Hill, J. K. , Mustaffa, N. , Chey, V. K. , Maryati, M. , Searle, J. B. , … Hamer, K. C. (2006). Impacts of rain forest fragmentation on butterflies in northern Borneo: Species richness, turnover and the value of small fragments. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43(5), 967–977. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2006.01209.x DOI
Berg, Å. , Ahrné, K. , Öckinger, E. , Svensson, R. , & Söderström, B. (2011). Butterfly distribution and abundance is affected by variation in the Swedish forest‐farmland landscape. Biological Conservation, 144(12), 2819–2831. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.07.035 DOI
Bernard, H. , Fjeldsa, J. , & Mohamed, M. (2009). A case study on the effects of disturbance and conversion of tropical lowland rain forest on the non‐volant small mammals in north Borneo: Management implications. Mammal Study, 34(2), 85–96. doi:10.3106/041.034.0204 DOI
Bernhardt‐Römermann, M. , Gray, A. , Vanbergen, A. J. , Bergès, L. , Bohner, A. , Brooker, R. W. , … Stadler, J. (2011). Functional traits and local environment predict vegetation responses to disturbance: A pan‐European multi‐site experiment. Journal of Ecology, 99(3), 777–787. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2745.2011.01794.x DOI
Berry, N. J. , Phillips, O. L. , Lewis, S. L. , Hill, J. K. , Edwards, D. P. , Tawatao, N. B. , … Hamer, K. C. (2010). The high value of logged tropical forests: Lessons from northern Borneo. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19(4), 985–997. doi:10.1007/s10531‐010‐9779‐z DOI
Bicknell, J. , & Peres, C. A. (2010). Vertebrate population responses to reduced‐impact logging in a neotropical forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 259(12), 2267–2275. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.02.027 DOI
Bihn, J. H. , Verhaagh, M. , Braendle, M. , & Brandl, R. (2008). Do secondary forests act as refuges for old growth forest animals? Recovery of ant diversity in the Atlantic forest of Brazil. Biological Conservation, 141(3), 733–743. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.12.028 DOI
Billeter, R. , Liira, J. , Bailey, D. , Bugter, R. , Arens, P. , Augenstein, I. , … Edwards, P. J. (2008). Indicators for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: A pan‐European study. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45(1), 141–150. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2007.01393.x DOI
Blake, R. J. , Westbury, D. B. , Woodcock, B. A. , Sutton, P. , & Potts, S. G. (2011). Enhancing habitat to help the plight of the bumblebee. Pest Management Science, 67(4), 377–379. doi:10.1002/ps.2136 PubMed DOI
Blanche, R. , & Cunningham, S. A. (2005). Rain forest provides pollinating beetles for atemoya crops. Journal of Economic Entomology, 98(4), 1193–1201. PubMed
Blanche, K. R. , Ludwig, J. A. , & Cunningham, S. A. (2006). Proximity to rainforest enhances pollination and fruit set in orchards. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43(6), 1182–1187. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2006.01230.x DOI
Bobo, K. S. , Waltert, M. , Fermon, H. , Njokagbor, J. , & Muhlenberg, M. (2006). From forest to farmland: Butterfly diversity and habitat associations along a gradient of forest conversion in Southwestern Cameroon. Journal of Insect Conservation, 10(1), 29–42. doi:10.1007/s10841‐005‐8564‐x DOI
Bóçon, R . (2010). Riqueza e abundância de aves em trâs estágios sucessionais da floresta ombrófila densa submontana, Antonina, Paraná. PhD thesis, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Bonham, K. J. , Mesibov, R. , & Bashford, R. (2002). Diversity and abundance of some ground‐dwelling invertebrates in plantation vs. native forests in Tasmania, Australia. Forest Ecology and Management, 158(1–3), 237–247. doi:10.1016/s0378‐1127(00)00717‐9 DOI
Borges, S. H. (2007). Bird assemblages in secondary forests developing after slash‐and‐burn agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 23, 469–477. doi:10.1017/s0266467407004105 DOI
Borges, P. A. V. , Lobo, J. M. , de Azevedo, E. B. , Gaspar, C. S. , Melo, C. , & Nunes, L. V. (2006). Invasibility and species richness of island endemic arthropods: A general model of endemic vs. exotic species. Journal of Biogeography, 33(1), 169–187. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2699.2005.01324.x DOI
Boutin, C. , Baril, A. , & Martin, P. A. (2008). Plant diversity in crop fields and woody hedgerows of organic and conventional farms in contrasting landscapes. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 123(1–3), 185–193. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2007.05.010 DOI
Boutin, C. , Martin, P. A. , & Baril, A. (2009). Arthropod diversity as affected by agricultural management (organic and conventional farming), plant species, and landscape context. Ecoscience, 16(4), 492–501. doi:10.2980/16‐4‐3250 DOI
Bouyer, J. , Sana, Y. , Samandoulgou, Y. , Cesar, J. , Guerrini, L. , Kabore‐Zoungrana, C. , & Dulieu, D. (2007). Identification of ecological indicators for monitoring ecosystem health in the trans‐boundary W Regional park: A pilot study. Biological Conservation, 138(1–2), 73–88. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.04.001 DOI
Bragagnolo, C. , Nogueira, A. A. , Pinto‐da‐Rocha, R. , & Pardini, R. (2007). Harvestmen in an Atlantic forest fragmented landscape: Evaluating assemblage response to habitat quality and quantity. Biological Conservation, 139(3–4), 389–400. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.07.008 DOI
Brandt, J. S. , Wood, E. M. , Pidgeon, A. M. , Han, L. , Fang, Z. , & Radeloff, V. C. (2013). Sacred forests are keystone structures for forest bird conservation in southwest China's Himalayan Mountains. Biological Conservation, 166, 34–42. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2013.06.014 DOI
Brearley, F. Q. (2011). Below‐ground secondary succession in tropical forests of Borneo. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 27, 413–420. doi:10.1017/s0266467411000149 DOI
Breedt, J. A. D. , Dreber, N. , & Kellner, K. (2013). Post‐wildfire regeneration of rangeland productivity and functionality ‐ observations across three semi‐arid vegetation types in South Africa. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 30(3), 161–167. doi:10.2989/10220119.2013.816367 DOI
Brito, I. , Goss, M. J. , de Carvalho, M. , Chatagnier, O. , & van Tuinen, D. (2012). Impact of tillage system on arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal communities in the soil under Mediterranean conditions. Soil & Tillage Research, 121, 63–67. doi:10.1016/j.still.2012.01.012 DOI
Brook, B. W. , Ellis, E. C. , Perring, M. P. , Mackay, A. W. , & Blomqvist, L. (2013). Does the terrestrial biosphere have planetary tipping points? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28(7), 396–401. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2013.01.016 PubMed DOI
Brown, J. H. (1984). On the relationship between abundance and distribution of species. The American Naturalist, 124(2), 255–279.
Brunet, J. , Valtinat, K. , Mayr, M. L. , Felton, A. , Lindbladh, M. , & Bruun, H. H. (2011). Understory succession in post‐agricultural oak forests: Habitat fragmentation affects forest specialists and generalists differently. Forest Ecology and Management, 262(9), 1863–1871. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.08.007 DOI
Buczkowski, G. (2010). Extreme life history plasticity and the evolution of invasive characteristics in a native ant. Biological Invasions, 12(9), 3343–3349. doi:10.1007/s10530‐010‐9727‐6 DOI
Buczkowski, G. , & Richmond, D. S. (2012). The effect of urbanization on ant abundance and diversity: A temporal examination of factors affecting biodiversity. PLoS One, 7(8), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041729 PubMed DOI PMC
Buddle, C. M. , & Shorthouse, D. P. (2008). Effects of experimental harvesting on spider (Araneae) assemblages in boreal deciduous forests. Canadian Entomologist, 140(4), 437–452. doi:10.4039/n07‐ls01 DOI
Buscardo, E. , Smith, G. F. , Kelly, D. L. , Freitas, H. , Iremonger, S. , Mitchell, F. J. G. , … McKee, A. (2008). The early effects of afforestation on biodiversity of grasslands in Ireland. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17(5), 1057–1072. doi:10.1007/s10531‐007‐9275‐2 DOI
Buse, J. , Levanony, T. , Timm, A. , Dayan, T. , & Assmann, T. (2008). Saproxylic beetle assemblages of three managed oak woodlands in the Eastern Mediterranean. Zoology in the Middle East, 45, 55–66. doi:10.1080/09397140.2008.10638307 DOI
Butchart, S. H. M. , Stattersfield, A. J. , Bennun, L. A. , Shutes, S. M. , Akçakaya, H. R. , Baillie, J. E. M. , … Mace, G. M. (2004). Measuring global trends in the status of biodiversity: Red list indices for birds. PLOS Biology, 2(12), e383. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020383 PubMed DOI PMC
Butchart, S. H. M. , Walpole, M. , Collen, B. , van Strien, A. , Scharlemann, J. P. W. , Almond, R. E. A. , … Morcillo, M. H. (2010). Global biodiversity: Indicators of recent declines. Science, 328, 1164–1168. doi:10.1126/science.1187512 PubMed DOI
Cabra‐García, J. , Bermúdez‐Rivas, C. , Osorio, A. M. , & Chacón, P. (2012). Cross‐taxon congruence of alpha and beta diversity among five leaf litter arthropod groups in Colombia. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(6), 1493–1508. doi:10.1007/s10531‐012‐0259‐5 DOI
Cáceres, N. C. , Nápoli, R. P. , Casella, J. , & Hannibal, W. (2010). Mammals in a fragmented savannah landscape in south‐western Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 44(7–8), 491–512. doi:10.1080/00222930903477768 DOI
Cagle, N. L. (2008). Snake species distributions and temperate grasslands: A case study from the American tallgrass prairie. Biological Conservation, 141(3), 744–755. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.01.003 DOI
Calviño‐Cancela, M. , Rubido‐Bará, M. , & van Etten, E. J. (2012). Do eucalypt plantations provide habitat for native forest biodiversity? Forest Ecology and Management, 270, 153–162. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.01.019 DOI
Cameron, S. A. , Lozier, J. D. , Strange, J. P. , Koch, J. B. , Cordes, N. , Solter, L. F. , & Griswold, T. L. (2011). Patterns of widespread decline in North American bumble bees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(2), 662–667. doi:10.1073/pnas.1014743108 PubMed DOI PMC
Cardillo, M. , Mace, G. M. , Jones, K. E. , Bielby, J. , Bininda‐Emonds, O. R. P. , Sechrest, W. , … Purvis, A. (2005). Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species. Science, 309(5738), 1239–1241. doi:10.1126/science.1116030 PubMed DOI
Cardinale, B. J. , Duffy, J. E. , Gonzalez, A. , Hooper, D. U. , Perrings, C. , Venail, P. , … Naeem, S. (2012). Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature, 486, 59–67. doi:10.1038/nature11148 PubMed DOI
Cardoso, P. , Lobo, J. , Aranda, S. , Dinis, F. , Gaspar, C. , & Borges, P. (2009). A spatial scale assessment of habitat effects on arthropod communities of an oceanic island. Acta Oecologica, 35(5), 590–597. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2009.05.005 DOI
Carpenter, D. , Hammond, P. M. , Sherlock, E. , Lidgett, A. , Leigh, K. , & Eggleton, P. (2012). Biodiversity of soil macrofauna in the New Forest: A benchmark study across a national park landscape. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(13), 3385–3410. doi:10.1007/s10531‐012‐0369‐0 DOI
Carrijo, T. F. , Brandao, D. , de Oliveira, D. E. , Costa, D. A. , & Santos, T. (2009). Effects of pasture implantation on the termite (Isoptera) fauna in the Central Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado). Journal of Insect Conservation, 13(6), 575–581. doi:10.1007/s10841‐008‐9205‐y DOI
Carvalho, A. L. D. , Ferreira, E. J. L. , Lima, J. M. T. , & de Carvalho, A. L . (2010) Floristic and structural comparisons among palm communities in primary and secondary forest fragments of the Raimundo Irineu Serra Environmental Protection Area – Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Acta Amazonica, 40 (4), 657–666. doi:10.1590/s0044‐59672010000400004 DOI
Cassano, C. , Barlow, J. , & Pardini, R. (2014). Forest loss or management intensification? Identifying causes of mammal decline in cacao agroforests. Biological Conservation, 169, 14–22. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.006 DOI
Castro, H. , Lehsten, V. , Lavorel, S. , & Freitas, H. (2010). Functional response traits in relation to land use change in the Montado. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 137(1–2), 183–191. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2010.02.002 DOI
Castro‐Luna, A. A. , Sosa, V. J. , & Castillo‐Campos, G. (2007). Bat diversity and abundance associated with the degree of secondary succession in a tropical forest mosaic in south‐eastern Mexico. Animal Conservation, 10(2), 219–228. doi:10.1111/j.1469‐1795.2007.00097.x DOI
Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) . (2013a). Multidisciplinary Landscape Assessment – Cameroon. http://www.cifor.org/mla/ref/method/index.htm
Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) . (2013b). Multidisciplinary Landscape Assessment – Philippines. http://www.cifor.org/mla/ref/method/index.htm
Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE) . (2010). Unpublished data of reptilian and amphibian diversity in six countries in Central America.
Cerezo, A. , Conde, M. C. , & Poggio, S. L. (2011). Pasture area and landscape heterogeneity are key determinants of bird diversity in intensively managed farmland. Biodiversity and Conservation, 20(12), 2649–2667. doi:10.1007/s10531‐011‐0096‐y DOI
Chapman, A. D . (2009). Numbers of living species in Australia and the world, 2nd edition. https://www.environment.gov.au/node/13876
Chapman, K. A. , & Reich, P. B. (2007). Land use and habitat gradients determine bird community diversity and abundance in suburban, rural and reserve landscapes of Minnesota, USA. Biological Conservation, 135(4), 527–541. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.050 DOI
Chauvat, M. , Wolters, V. , & Dauber, J. (2007). Response of collembolan communities to land‐use change and grassland succession. Ecography, 30(2), 183–192. doi:10.1111/j.2007.0906‐7590.04888.x DOI
Christensen, M. , & Heilmann‐Clausen, J. (2009). Forest biodiversity gradients and the human impact in Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18(8), 2205–2221. doi:10.1007/s10531‐009‐9583‐9 DOI
Clark, R. J. , Gerard, P. J. , & Mellsop, J. M. (2004). Spider biodiversity and density following cultivation in pastures in the Waikato, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 47(2), 247–259. doi:10.1080/00288233.2004.9513592 DOI
Clarke, F. M. , Rostant, L. V. , & Racey, P. A. (2005). Life after logging: Post‐logging recovery of a neotropical bat community. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42(2), 409–420. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2005.01024.x DOI
Cleary, D. F. R. , & Mooers, A. O. (2006). Burning and logging differentially affect endemic vs. widely distributed butterfly species in Borneo. Diversity and Distributions, 12(4), 409–416. doi:10.1111/j.1366‐9516.2006.00256.x DOI
Cleary, D. F. R. , Mooers, A. O. , Eichhorn, K. A. O. , van Tol, J. , de Jong, R. , & Menken, S. B. J. (2004). Diversity and community composition of butterflies and odonates in an ENSO‐induced fire affected habitat mosaic: A case study from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Oikos, 105(2), 426–446. doi:10.1111/j.0030‐1299.2004.12219.x DOI
Cockle, K. L. , Leonard, M. L. , & Bodrati, A. A. (2005). Presence and abundance of birds in an Atlantic forest reserve and adjacent plantation of shade‐grown yerba mate, in Paraguay. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14(13), 3265–3288. doi:10.1007/s10531‐004‐0446‐0 DOI
Collen, B. , Loh, J. , Whitmee, S. , McRae, L. , Amin, R. , & Baillie, J. E. M. (2009). Monitoring change in vertebrate abundance: The Living Planet Index. Conservation Biology, 23(2), 317–327. doi:10.1111/j.1523‐1739.2008.01117.x PubMed DOI
Connop, S. , Hill, T. , Steer, J. , & Shaw, P. (2011). Microsatellite analysis reveals the spatial dynamics of Bombus humilis and Bombus sylvarum . Insect Conservation and Diversity, 4(3), 212–221. doi:10.1111/j.1752‐4598.2010.00116.x DOI
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (2016). Appendices I, II and III to the Convention. https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php PubMed
Craig, M. D. , Grigg, A. H. , Garkaklis, M. J. , Hobbs, R. J. , Grant, C. D. , Fleming, P. A. , & Hardy, G. E. S. J. (2009). Does habitat structure influence capture probabilities? A study of reptiles in a eucalypt forest. Wildlife Research, 36(6), 509–515. doi:10.1071/wr09014 DOI
Craig, M. D. , Grigg, A. H. , Hobbs, R. J. , & Hardy, G. E. S. J. (2014). Does coarse woody debris density and volume influence the terrestrial vertebrate community in restored bauxite mines? Forest Ecology and Management, 318, 142–150. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.01.011 DOI
Craig, M. D. , Hardy, G. E. S. J. , Fontaine, J. B. , Garkakalis, M. J. , Grigg, A. H. , Grant, C. D. , … Hobbs, R. J. (2012). Identifying unidirectional and dynamic habitat filters to faunal recolonisation in restored mine‐pits. Journal of Applied Ecology, 49(4), 919–928. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2012.02152.x DOI
Craig, M. D. , Stokes, V. L. , StJ. Hardy, G. E. , & Hobbs, R. J. (2015). Edge effects across boundaries between natural and restored jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forests in south‐western Australia. Austral Ecology, 40(2), 186–197. doi:10.1111/aec.12193 DOI
Cunningham, S. A. , Schellhorn, N. A. , Marcora, A. , & Batley, M. (2013). Movement and phenology of bees in a subtropical Australian agricultural landscape. Austral Ecology, 38(4), 456–464. doi:10.1111/j.1442‐9993.2012.02432.x DOI
Dallimer, M. , Parnell, M. , Bicknell, J. E. , & Melo, M. (2012). The importance of novel and agricultural habitats for the avifauna of an oceanic island. Journal for Nature Conservation, 20(4), 191–199. doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2012.04.001 DOI
D'Aniello, B. , Stanislao, I. , Bonelli, S. , & Balletto, E. (2011). Haying and grazing effects on the butterfly communities of two Mediterranean‐area grasslands. Biodiversity and Conservation, 20(8), 1731–1744. doi:10.1007/s10531‐011‐0058‐4 DOI
Danquah, E. , Oppong, S. K. , & Nutsuakor, M. E. (2012). Effect of protected area category on mammal abundance in Western Ghana. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 2(8), 50–57.
Darvill, B. , Knight, M. E. , & Goulson, D. (2004). Use of genetic markers to quantify bumblebee foraging range and nest density. Oikos, 107(3), 471–478. doi:10.1111/j.0030‐1299.2004.13510.x DOI
Davies, K. F. , Margules, C. R. , & Lawrence, J. F. (2000). Which traits of species predict population declines in experimental forest fragments? Ecology, 81(5), 1450–146. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1450:WTOSPP]2.0.CO;2 DOI
Davis, E. S. , Murray, T. E. , Fitzpatrick, U. , Brown, M. J. F. , & Paxton, R. J. (2010). Landscape effects on extremely fragmented populations of a rare solitary bee, Colletes floralis . Molecular Ecology, 19(22), 4922–4935. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐294x.2010.04868.x PubMed DOI
Davis, A. L. V. , & Philips, T. K. (2005). Effect of deforestation on a southwest Ghana dung beetle assemblage (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) at the periphery of Ankasa conservation area. Environmental Entomology, 34(5), 1081–1088. doi:10.1603/0046-225x(2005)034[1081:eodoas]2.0.co;2 DOI
Dawson, J. , Turner, C. , Pileng, O. , Farmer, A. , McGary, C. , Walsh, C. , … Yosi, C. (2011). Bird communities of the lower Waria Valley, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea: A comparison between habitat types. Tropical Conservation Science, 4(3), 317–348.
D'Cruze, N. , & Kumar, S. (2011). Effects of anthropogenic activities on lizard communities in northern Madagascar. Animal Conservation, 14(5), 542–552. doi:10.1111/j.1469‐1795.2011.00459.x DOI
De Palma, A. , Abrahamczyk, S. , Aizen, M. A. , Albrecht, M. , Basset, Y. , Bates, A. , … Purvis, A . (2016) Predicting bee community responses to land‐use changes: Effects of geographic and taxonomic biases. Scientific Reports, 6 (31153), 1–14. doi:10.1038/srep31153 PubMed DOI PMC
De Palma, A. , Kuhlmann, M. , Roberts, S. P. M. , Potts, S. G. , Börger, L. , Hudson, L. N. , … Purvis, A. (2015). Ecological traits affect the sensitivity of bees to land‐use pressures in European agricultural landscapes. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52(6), 1567–1577. doi:10.1111/1365‐2664.12524 PubMed DOI PMC
Deheuvels, O. , Avelino, J. , Somarriba, E. , & Malézieux, E. (2012). Vegetation structure and productivity in cocoa‐based agroforestry systems in Talamanca, Costa Rica. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 149(1), 181–188. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2011.03.003 DOI
Deheuvels, O. , Rousseau, G. , Soto Quiroga, G. , Decker Franco, M. , Cerda, R. , Vílchez Mendoza, S. , & Somarriba, E. (2014). Biodiversity is affected by changes in management intensity of cocoa‐based agroforests. AgroForestry Systems, 88(6), 1081–1099. doi:10.1007/s10457‐014‐9710‐9 DOI
Delabie, J. H. C. , Cereghino, R. , Groc, S. , Dejean, A. , Gibernau, M. , Corbara, B. , & Dejean, A. (2009). Ants as biological indicators of Wayana Amerindian land use in French Guiana. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 332(7), 673–684. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2009.01.006 PubMed DOI
Devineau, J. L. , Fournier, A. , & Nignan, S. (2009). “Ordinary biodiversity” in western Burkina Faso (West Africa): What vegetation do the state forests conserve? Biodiversity and Conservation, 18(8), 2075–2099. doi:10.1007/s10531‐008‐9574‐2 DOI
Diekötter, T. , Walther‐Hellwig, K. , Conradi, M. , Suter, M. , & Frankl, R. (2006). Effects of landscape elements on the distribution of the rare bumblebee species Bombus muscorum in an agricultural landscape. Biodiversity and Conservation, 15(1), 57–68. doi:10.1007/s10531‐004‐2932‐9 DOI
Dolia, J. , Devy, M. S. , Aravind, N. A. , & Kumar, A. (2008). Adult butterfly communities in coffee plantations around a protected area in the Western Ghats, India. Animal Conservation, 11(1), 26–34. doi:10.1111/j.1469‐1795.2007.00143.x DOI
Domínguez, E. , Bahamonde, N. , & Muñoz‐Escobar, C. (2012). Efectos de la extracción de turba sobre la composición y estructura de una turbera de Sphagnum explotada y abandonada hace 20 años, Chile. Anales Instituto Patagonia (Chile), 40(2), 37–45. doi:10.4067/s0718‐686x2012000200003 DOI
Dominguez‐Haydar, Y. , & Armbrecht, I. (2010). Response of ants and their seed removal in rehabilitation areas and forests at El Cerrejon coal mine in Colombia. Restoration Ecology, 19(201), 178–184. doi:10.1111/j.1526‐100x.2010.00735.x DOI
Dornelas, M. , Gotelli, N. J. , McGill, B. , Shimadzu, H. , Moyes, F. , Sievers, C. , & Magurran, A. E. (2014). Assemblage time series reveal biodiversity change but not systematic loss. Science, 344(6181), 296–299. doi:10.1126/science.1248484 PubMed DOI
Doulton, H. , Marsh, C. , Newman, A. , Bird, K. , & Bell, M . (2007) Conservation Comores 2005: Biodiversity and resource‐use assessment and environmental awareness. Technical report, University of Oxford, the Comorian Centre National de Documentation et Recherche Scientifique, and the Comorian NGOs Action Comores Anjouan and the Association d'Intervention pour le Développement et L'Environnement; with the support of the Direction National de l'Environnement et des Forâts and the United Nations Development Programme, University of Oxford, U.K.
Draper, I. , Lara, F. , Albertos, B. , Garilleti, R. , & Mazimpaka, V. (2006). Epiphytic bryoora of the Atlas and Antiatlas Mountains, including a synthesis of the distribution of epiphytic bryophytes in Morocco. Journal of Bryology, 28, 312–330. doi:10.1179/174328206x136313 DOI
Dukes, J. S. , & Mooney, H. A. (1999). Does global change increase the success of biological invaders? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14(4), 135–139. doi:10.1016/S0169‐5347(98)01554‐7 PubMed DOI
Dumont, B. , Farruggia, A. , Garel, J. P. , Bachelard, P. , Boitier, E. , & Frain, M. (2009). How does grazing intensity influence the diversity of plants and insects in a species‐rich upland grassland on basalt soils? Grass and Forage Science, 64(1), 92–105. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2494.2008.00674.x DOI
Dures, S. G. , & Cumming, G. S. (2010). The confounding influence of homogenising invasive species in a globally endangered and largely urban biome: Does habitat quality dominate avian biodiversity? Biological Conservation, 143(3), 768–777. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.019 DOI
Echeverría‐Londoño, S. , Newbold, T. , Hudson, L. N. , Contu, S. , Hill, S. , Lysenko, I. , … Purvis, A. (2016). Modelling and projecting the response of Colombian biodiversity to land‐use change. Diversity and Distributions, early view, doi:10.1111/ddi.12478 DOI
Edenius, L. , Mikusinski, G. , & Bergh, J. (2011). Can repeated fertilizer applications to young Norway spruce enhance avian diversity in intensively managed forests? Ambio, 40(5), 521–527. doi:10.1007/s13280‐011‐0137‐5 PubMed DOI PMC
Eigenbrod, F. , Hecnar, S. J. , & Fahrig, L. (2008). Accessible habitat: An improved measure of the effects of habitat loss and roads on wildlife populations. Landscape Ecology, 23(2), 159–168. doi:10.1007/s10980‐007‐9174‐7 DOI
Elek, Z. , & Lovei, G. L. (2007). Patterns in ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages along an urbanisation gradient in Denmark. Acta Oecologica‐International Journal of Ecology, 32(1), 104–111. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2007.03.008 DOI
Endo, W. , Peres, C. , Salas, E. , Mori, S. , Sanchez‐Vega, J. , Shepard, G. , … Yu, D. (2010). Game vertebrate densities in hunted and nonhunted forest sites in Manu National Park, Peru. Biotropica, 42(2), 251–261. doi:10.1111/j.1744‐7429.2009.00546.x DOI
Ewers, R. M. , Bartlam, S. , & Didham, R. K. (2013). Altered species interactions at forest edges: Contrasting edge effects on bumble bees and their phoretic mite loads in temperate forest remnants. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 6(5), 598–606. doi:10.1111/icad.12014 DOI
Ewers, R. M. , Thorpe, S. , & Didham, R. K. (2007). Synergistic interactions between edge and area effects in a heavily fragmented landscape. Ecology, 88(1), 96–106. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[96:sibeaa]2.0.co;2 PubMed DOI
Fabricius, C. , Burger, M. , & Hockey, P. A. R. (2003). Comparing biodiversity between protected areas and adjacent rangeland in xeric succulent thicket, South Africa: Arthropods and reptiles. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40(2), 392–403. doi:10.1046/j.1365‐2664.2003.00793.x DOI
Faruk, A. , Belabut, D. , Ahmad, N. , Knell, R. J. , & Garner, T. W. J. (2013). Effects of oil‐palm plantations on diversity of tropical anurans. Conservation Biology, 27(3), 615–624. doi:10.1111/cobi.12062 PubMed DOI
Farwig, N. , Bailey, D. , Bochud, E. , Herrmann, J. D. , Kindler, E. , Reusser, N. , … Schmidt‐Entling, M. H. (2009). Isolation from forest reduces pollination, seed predation and insect scavenging in Swiss farmland. Landscape Ecology, 24(7), 919–927. doi:10.1007/s10980‐009‐9376‐2 DOI
Farwig, N. , Sajita, N. , & Boehning‐Gaese, K. (2008). Conservation value of forest plantations for bird communities in western Kenya. Forest Ecology and Management, 255(11), 3885–3892. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.03.042 DOI
Fayle, T. M. , Turner, E. C. , Snaddon, J. L. , Chey, V. K. , Chung, A. Y. C. , Eggleton, P. , & Foster, W. A. (2010). Oil palm expansion into rain forest greatly reduces ant biodiversity in canopy, epiphytes and leaf‐litter. Basic and Applied Ecology, 11(4), 337–345. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2009.12.009 DOI
Felton, A. M. , Engstrom, L. M. , Felton, A. , & Knott, C. D. (2003). Orangutan population density, forest structure and fruit availability in hand‐logged and unlogged peat swamp forests inWest Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biological Conservation, 114(1), 91–101. doi:10.1016/s0006‐3207(03)00013‐2 DOI
Fensham, R. , Dwyer, J. , Eyre, T. , Fairfax, R. , & Wang, J. (2012). The effect of clearing on plant composition in mulga (Acacia aneura) dry forest, Australia. Austral Ecology, 37(2), 183–192. doi:10.1111/j.1442‐9993.2011.02261.x DOI
Fermon, H. , Waltert, M. , Vane‐Wright, R. I. , & Muhlenberg, M. (2005). Forest use and vertical stratification in fruit‐feeding butterflies of Sulawesi, Indonesia: Impacts for conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14(2), 333–350. doi:10.1007/s10531‐004‐5054‐9 DOI
Fernandez, I. C. , & Simonetti, J. A. (2013). Small mammal assemblages in fragmented shrublands of urban areas of Central Chile. Urban Ecosystems, 16(2), 377–387. doi:10.1007/s11252‐012‐0272‐1 DOI
Ferreira, C. , & Alves, P . (2005) Impacto da implementação de medidas de gestão do habitat nas populações de coelho‐bravo (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus) no Parque Natural do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina. Technical report, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Vairão, Portugal.
Ferreira, C. , & Alves, P. C. (2009). Influence of habitat management on the abundance and diet of wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus) populations in Mediterranean ecosystems. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 55(5), 487–496. doi:10.1007/s10344‐009‐0257‐4 DOI
Ficetola, G. F. , Rondinini, C. , Bonardi, A. , Baisero, D. , & Padoa‐Schioppa, E. (2015). Habitat availability for amphibians and extinction threat: A global analysis. Diversity and Distributions, 21(3), 302–311. doi:10.1111/ddi.12296 DOI
Fiera, C . (2008) Preliminary data on the species diversity of Collembola (Hexapoda: Collembola) along an urban gradient in Bucureşti. Travaux du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa”, 51, 363–367.
Fierro, M. M. , Cruz‐Lopez, L. , Sanchez, D. , Villanueva‐Gutierrez, R. , & Vandame, R. (2012). Effect of biotic factors on the spatial distribution of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponini) in fragmented neotropical habitats. Neotropical Entomology, 41(2), 95–104. doi:10.1007/s13744‐011‐0009‐5 PubMed DOI
Filgueiras, B. , Iannuzzi, L. , & Leal, I. (2011). Habitat fragmentation alters the structure of dung beetle communities in the Atlantic forest. Biological Conservation, 144(1), 362–369. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.013 DOI
Firincioglu, H. K. , Seefeldt, S. S. , Sahin, B. , & Vural, M. (2009). Assessment of grazing effect on sheep fescue (Festuca valesiaca) dominated steppe rangelands, in the semi‐arid Central Anatolian region of Turkey. Journal of Arid Environments, 73(12), 1149–1157. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.05.012 DOI
Flaspohler, D. J. , Giardina, C. P. , Asner, G. P. , Hart, P. , Price, J. , Lyons, C. K. , & Castaneda, X. (2010). Long‐term effects of fragmentation and fragment properties on bird species richness in Hawaiian forests. Biological Conservation, 143(2), 280–288. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.10.009 DOI
Floren, A. , Freking, A. , Biehl, M. , & Linsenmair, K. E. (2001). Anthropogenic disturbance changes the structure of arboreal tropical ant communities. Ecography, 24(5), 547–554. doi:10.1111/j.1600‐0587.2001.tb00489.x DOI
Fowler, R. E . (2014). An investigation into bee assemblage change along an urban‐rural gradient. PhD thesis, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Franzén, M. , & Nilsson, S. G. (2008). How can we preserve and restore species richness of pollinating insects on agricultural land? Ecography, 31(6), 698–708. doi:10.1111/j.1600‐0587.2008.05110.x DOI
Fredriksson, G. M. , Danielsen, L. S. , & Swenson, J. E. (2007). Impacts of El Nino related drought and forest fires on sun bear fruit resources in lowland dipterocarp forest of East Borneo. Biodiversity and Conservation, 16(6), 1823–1838. doi:10.1007/s10531‐006‐9075‐0 DOI
Freire, G. D. , & Motta, P. C. (2011). Effects of experimental fire regimes on the abundance and diversity of cursorial arachnids of Brazilian savannah (cerrado biome). Journal of Arachnology, 39(2), 263–272. doi:10.1636/cp10‐85.1 DOI
Frizzo, T. L. M. , & Vasconcelos, H. L. (2013). The potential role of scattered trees for ant conservation in an agriculturally dominated neotropical landscape. Biotropica, 45(5), 644–651. doi:10.1111/btp.12045 DOI
Fukuda, D. , Tisen, O. B. , Momose, K. , & Sakai, S. (2009). Bat diversity in the vegetation mosaic around a lowland dipterocarp forest of Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 57(1), 213–221.
Furlani, D. , Ficetola, G. F. , Colombo, G. , Ugurlucan, M. , & De Bernardi, F. (2009). Deforestation and the structure of frog communities in the Humedale Terraba‐Sierpe, Costa Rica. Zoological Science, 26(3), 197–202. doi:10.2108/zsj.26.197 PubMed DOI
Gaigher, R. , & Samways, M. J. (2010). Surface‐active arthropods in organic vineyards, integrated vineyards and natural habitat in the Cape Floristic Region. Journal of Insect Conservation, 14(6), 595–605. doi:10.1007/s10841‐010‐9286‐2 DOI
García, K. P. , Ortiz Zapata, J. C. , Aguayo, M. , & D'Elia, G. (2013). Assessing rodent community responses in disturbed environments of the Chilean Patagonia. Mammalia, 77(2), 195–204. doi:10.1515/mammalia‐2011‐0134 DOI
García‐R, J. C. , Cárdenas‐H, H. , & Castro‐H, F. (2007). Relationship between anurans diversity and successional stages of a very humid low montane forest in Valle del Cauca, southwestern of Colombia. Caldasia, 29(2), 363–374.
Garden, J. G. , McAlpine, C. A. , & Possingham, H. P. (2010). Multi‐scaled habitat considerations for conserving urban biodiversity: Native reptiles and small mammals in Brisbane, Australia. Landscape Ecology, 25(7), 1013–1028. doi:10.1007/s10980‐010‐9476‐z DOI
Gardner, T. A. , Hernandez, M. I. M. , Barlow, J. , & Peres, C. A. (2008). Understanding the biodiversity consequences of habitat change: The value of secondary and plantation forests for neotropical dung beetles. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45(3), 883–893. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2008.01454.x DOI
Garmendia, A. , Arroyo‐Rodriguez, V. , Estrada, A. , Naranjo, E. J. , & Stoner, K. E. (2013). Landscape and patch attributes impacting medium‐ and large‐sized terrestrial mammals in a fragmented rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 29, 331–344. doi:10.1017/s0266467413000370 DOI
Garnier, E. , Lavorel, S. , Ansquer, P. , Castro, H. , Cruz, P. , Dolezal, J. … Zarovali, M. P. (2007). Assessing the effects of land‐use change on plant traits, communities and ecosystem functioning in grasslands: A standardized methodology and lessons from an application to 11 European sites. Annals of Botany, 99(5), 967–985. doi:10.1093/aob/mcl215 PubMed DOI PMC
Gaston, K. J. , & Blackburn, T. M. (1997). Evolutionary age and risk of extinction in the global avifauna. Ecology and Evolution, 11(5), 557–565. doi:10.1007/s10682‐997‐1511‐4 DOI
Gaublomme, E. , Hendrickx, F. , Dhuyvetter, H. , & Desender, K. (2008). The effects of forest patch size and matrix type on changes in carabid beetle assemblages in an urbanized landscape. Biological Conservation, 141(10), 2585–2596. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.022 DOI
Ge, B. M. , Li, Z. X. , Zhang, D. Z. , Zhang, H. B. , Liu, Z. T. , Zhou, C. L. , & Tang, B. P. (2012). Communities of soil macrofauna in green spaces of an urbanizing city at east China. Revista Chilena De Historia Natural, 85(2), 219–226.
Gendreau‐Berthiaume, B. , Kneeshaw, D. D. , & Harvey, B. D. (2012). Effects of partial cutting and partial disturbance by wind and insects on stand composition, structure and growth in boreal mixedwoods. Forestry, 85(4), 551–565. doi:10.1093/forestry/cps051 DOI
Gheler‐Costa, C. , Vettorazzi, C. A. , Pardini, R. , & Verdade, L. M. (2012). The distribution and abundance of small mammals in agroecosystems of southeastern Brazil. Mammalia, 76(2), 185–191. doi:10.1515/mammalia‐2011‐0109 DOI
Gibson, L. , Lee, T. M. , Koh, L. P. , Brook, B. W. , Gardner, T. A. , Barlow, J. , … & Sodhi, N. S. (2011). Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity. Nature, 478(7369), 378–381. doi:10.1038/nature10425 PubMed DOI
Giordani, P. (2012). Assessing the effects of forest management on epiphytic lichens in coppiced forests using different indicators. Plant Biosystems, 146(3), 628–637. doi:10.1080/11263504.2011.654136 DOI
Giordani, P. , Incerti, G. , Rizzi, G. , Ginaldi, F. , Viglione, S. , Rellini, I. , … Modenesi, P. (2010). Land use intensity drives the local variation of lichen diversity in Mediterranean ecosystems sensitive to desertification. Bibliotheca Lichenologica, 105, 139–148.
Giordano, S. , Sorbo, S. , Adamo, P. , Basile, A. , Spagnuolo, V. , & Cobianchi, R. C. (2004). Biodiversity and trace element content of epiphytic bryophytes in urban and extraurban sites of southern Italy. Plant Ecology, 170(1), 1–14. doi:10.1023/b:vege.0000019025.36121.5d DOI
Giri, C. , Zhu, Z. , & Reed, B. (2005). A comparative analysis of the Global Land Cover 2000 and MODIS land cover data sets. Remote Sensing of Environment, 94(1), 123–132. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.09.005 DOI
Golodets, C. , Kigel, J. , & Sternberg, M. (2010). Recovery of plant species composition and ecosystem function after cessation of grazing in a Mediterranean grassland. Plant and Soil, 329(1–2), 365–378. doi:10.1007/s11104‐009‐0164‐1 DOI
Gomes, L. G. L. , Oostra, V. , Nijman, V. , Cleef, A. M. , & Kappelle, M. (2008). Tolerance of frugivorous birds to habitat disturbance in a tropical cloud forest. Biological Conservation, 141(3), 860–871. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.01.007 DOI
Gonzalez, A. , Cardinale, B. J. , Allington, G. R. H. , Byrnes, J. , Endsley, K. A. , Brown, D. G. , … Loreau, M. (2016). Estimating local biodiversity change: A critique of papers claiming no net loss of local diversity. Ecology, 97(8), 1949–1960. doi:10.1890/15‐1759.1 PubMed DOI
Gottschalk, M. S. , De Toni, D. C. , Valente, V. L. S. , & Hofmann, P. R. P. (2007). Changes in Brazilian Drosophilidae (Diptera) assemblages across an urbanisation gradient. Neotropical Entomology, 36(6), 848–862. doi:10.1590/s1519‐566x2007000600005 PubMed DOI
Gould, R. K. , Pejchar, L. , Bothwell, S. G. , Brosi, B. , Wolny, S. , Mendenhall, C. D. , & Daily, G. (2013). Forest restoration and parasitoid wasp communities in montane Hawai'i. PLoS One, 8(3), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059356 PubMed DOI PMC
Goulson, D. , Lepais, O. , O'Connor, S. , Osborne, J. L. , Sanderson, R. A. , Cussans, J. , … Darvill, B. (2010). Effects of land use at a landscape scale on bumblebee nest density and survival. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47(6), 1207–1215. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2010.01872.x DOI
Goulson, D. , Lye, G. C. , & Darvill, B. (2008). Diet breadth, coexistence and rarity in bumblebees. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17(13), 3269–3288. doi:10.1007/s10531‐008‐9428‐y DOI
Gove, A. D. , Majer, J. D. , & Rico‐Gray, V. (2005). Methods for conservation outside of formal reserve systems: The case of ants in the seasonally dry tropics of Veracruz, Mexico. Biological Conservation, 126(3), 328–338. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.06.008 DOI
Granjon, L. , & Duplantier, J. (2011). Guinean biodiversity at the edge: Rodents in forest patches of southern Mali. Mammalian Biology, 76(5), 583–591. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2011.06.003 DOI
Grass, I. , Berens, D. G. , Peter, F. , & Farwig, N. (2013). Additive effects of exotic plant abundance and land‐use intensity on plant‐pollinator interactions. Oecologia, 173(3), 913–923. doi:10.1007/s00442‐013‐2688‐6 PubMed DOI
Gray, C. L. , Hill, S. L. L. , Newbold, T. , Hudson, L. N. , Börger, L. , Contu, S. , … Scharlemann, J. P. W. (2016). Local biodiversity is higher inside than outside terrestrial protected areas worldwide. Nature Communications, 7, 12306. doi:10.1038/ncomms12306 PubMed DOI PMC
Gray, C. L. , Slade, E. M. , Mann, D. J. , & Lewis, O. T. (2014). Do riparian reserves support dung beetle biodiversity and ecosystem services in oil palm‐dominated tropical landscapes? Ecology and Evolution, 4(7), 1049–1060. doi:10.1002/ece3.1003 PubMed DOI PMC
Green, R. E. , Cornell, S. J. , Scharlemann, J. P. W. , & Balmford, A. (2005). Farming and the fate of wild nature. Science, 307(5709), 550–555. doi:10.1126/science.1106049 PubMed DOI
Grime, J. P. (1998). Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems: Immediate, filter and founder effects. Journal of Ecology, 86(6), 902–910. doi:10.1046/j.1365‐2745.1998.00306.x DOI
Grogan, J. , Jennings, S. B. , Landis, R. M. , Schulze, M. , Baima, A. M. V. , Lopes, J. D. C. A. , … Zimmerman, B. L . (2008) What loggers leave behind: Impacts on big‐leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) commercial populations and potential for post‐logging recovery in the Brazilian Amazon. Forest Ecology and Management, 255 (2), 269–281. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.048 DOI
Gu, W. , Zhen‐Rong, Y. , & Dun‐Xiao, H. (2004). Carabid community and its fluctuation in farmland of salinity transforming area in the North China Plain: A case study in Quzhou County, Hebei Province. Biodiversity Science, 12(2), 262–268.
Gunawardene, N. R. , Majer, J. D. , & Edirisinghe, J. P. (2010). Investigating residual effects of selective logging on ant species assemblages in Sinharaja Forest Reserve, Sri Lanka. Forest Ecology and Management, 259(3), 555–562. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.11.012 DOI
Gutierrez, A. G. , Armesto, J. J. , Aravena, J. C. , Carmona, M. , Carrasco, N. V. , Christie, D. A. , … Huth, A. (2009). Structural and environmental characterization of old‐growth temperate rainforests of northern Chiloe Island, Chile: Regional and global relevance. Forest Ecology and Management, 258(4), 376–388. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.011 DOI
Gutierrez‐Lamus, D. L. (2004). Composition and abundance of Anura in two forest types (natural and planted) in the eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Caldasia, 26(1), 245–264.
Haarmeyer, D. , Schmiedel, U. , Dengler, J. , & Bosing, B. (2010). How does grazing intensity affect different vegetation types in arid Succulent Karoo, South Africa? Implications for conservation management Biological Conservation, 143(3), 588–596. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.008 DOI
Hampton, S. E. , Strasser, C. A. , Tewksbury, J. J. , Gram, W. K. , Budden, A. E. , Batcheller, A. L. , … Porter, J. H. (2013). Big data and the future of ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 11(3), 156–162. doi:10.1890/120103 DOI
Hanley, M. E . (2005). Unpublished data of bee diversity in UK croplands.
Hanley, M. E . (2011) Unpublished data of bee diversity in UK croplands and urban habitats.
Hanley, M. E. , Franco, M. , Dean, C. E. , Franklin, E. L. , Harris, H. R. , Haynes, A. G. , … Knight, M. E. (2011). Increased bumblebee abundance along the margins of a mass flowering crop: Evidence for pollinator spill‐over. Oikos, 120(11), 1618–1624. doi:10.1111/j.1600‐0706.2011.19233.x DOI
Hanson, T. R. , Brunsfeld, S. J. , Finegan, B. , & Waits, L. P. (2008). Pollen dispersal and genetic structure of the tropical tree Dipteryx panamensis in a fragmented Costa Rican landscape. Molecular Ecology, 17(8), 2060–2073. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐294x.2008.03726.x PubMed DOI
Hashim, N. , Akmal, W. , Jusoh, W. , & Nasir, M. (2010). Ant diversity in a peninsular Malaysian mangrove forest and oil palm plantation. Asian Myrmecology, 3, 5–8.
Hassan, S. N. , Salum, A. R. , Rija, A. A. , Modest, R. , Kideghesho, J. R. , & Malata, P. F. (2013). Human‐induced disturbances influence on bird communities of coastal forests in eastern Tanzania. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 3(1), 48–64. doi:10.9734/bjast/2014/2200 DOI
Hatfield, R. G. , & LeBuhn, G. (2007). Patch and landscape factors shape community assemblage of bumble bees, Bombus spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), in montane meadows. Biological Conservation, 139(1–2), 150–158. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.06.019 DOI
Hawes, J. , Motta, C. D. S. , Overal, W. L. , Barlow, J. , Gardner, T. A. , & Peres, C. A. (2009) Diversity and composition of Amazonian moths in primary, secondary and plantation forests. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 25, 281–300. doi:10.1017/s0266467409006038 DOI
Hayward, M. W. (2009). Bushmeat hunting in Dwesa and Cwebe nature reserves, Eastern Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 39(1), 70–84. doi:10.3957/056.039.0108 DOI
Hayward, M. W. , Boitani, L. , Burrows, N. D. , Funston, P. J. , Karanth, K. U. , MacKenzie, D. I. , … Yarnell, R. W. (2015). Ecologists need robust survey designs, sampling and analytical methods. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52(2), 286–290. doi:10.1111/1365‐2664.12408 DOI
Helden, A. J. , & Leather, S. R. (2004). Biodiversity on urban roundabouts – Hemiptera, management and the species‐area relationship. Basic and Applied Ecology, 5(4), 367–377. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2004.06.004 DOI
Henschel, P . (2008) The conservation biology of the Leopard Panthera pardus in Gabon: Status, threats and strategies for conservation. PhD thesis, Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Hernández, L. , Delgado, L. , Meier, W. , & Duran, C. (2012). Empobrecimiento de bosques fragmentados en el norte de la Gran Sabana, Venezuela. Interciencia, 37(12), 891–898.
Herrera, J. P. , Wright, P. C. , Lauterbur, E. , Ratovonjanahary, L. , & Taylor, L. L. (2011). The effects of habitat disturbance on lemurs at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. International Journal of Primatology, 32(5), 1091–1108. doi:10.1007/s10764‐011‐9525‐8 DOI
Herrmann, F. , Westphal, C. , Moritz, R. F. A. , & Steffan‐Dewenter, I. (2007). Genetic diversity and mass resources promote colony size and forager densities of a social bee (Bombus pascuorum) in agricultural landscapes. Molecular Ecology, 16(6), 1167–1178. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐294x.2007.03226.x PubMed DOI
Hietz, P. (2005). Conservation of vascular epiphyte diversity in Mexican coffee plantations. Conservation Biology, 19(2), 391–399. doi:10.1111/j.1523‐1739.2005.00145.x DOI
Higuera, D. , & Wolf, J. H. D. (2010). Vascular epiphytes in dry oak forests show resilience to anthropogenic disturbance, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia. Caldasia, 32(1), 161–174.
Hilje, B. , & Aide, T. M. (2012). Recovery of amphibian species richness and composition in a chronosequence of secondary forests, northeastern Costa Rica. Biological Conservation, 146(1), 170–176. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.007 DOI
Hoffmann, A. , & Zeller, U. (2005). Influence of variations in land use intensity on species diversity and abundance of small mammals in the Nama Karoo, Namibia. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 135, 91–96.
Horgan, F. G. (2009). Invasion and retreat: Shifting assemblages of dung beetles amidst changing agricultural landscapes in central Peru. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18(13), 3519–3541. doi:10.1007/s10531‐009‐9658‐7 DOI
Hornung, E. , Tothmeresz, B. , Magura, T. , & Vilisics, F. (2007). Changes of isopod assemblages along an urban‐suburban‐rural gradient in Hungary. European Journal of Soil Biology, 43(3), 158–165. doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2007.01.001 DOI
Hoskins, A. J. , Bush, A. , Gilmore, J. , Harwood, T. , Hudson, L. N. , Ware, C. , … Ferrier, S. (2016). Downscaling land‐use data to provide global 30″ estimates of five land‐use classes. Ecology and Evolution, 6(9), 3040–3055. doi:10.1002/ece3.2104 PubMed DOI PMC
Hu, C. , & Cao, Z. P. (2008). Nematode community structure under compost and chemical fertilizer management practice, in the north China plain. Experimental Agriculture, 44(4), 485–496. doi:10.1017/s0014479708006716 DOI
Hudson, L. N. , Isaac, N. J. B. , & Reuman, D. C. (2013). The relationship between body mass and field metabolic rate among individual birds and mammals. Journal of Animal Ecology, 82(5), 1009–1020. doi:10.1111/1365‐2656.12086 PubMed DOI PMC
Hudson, L. N. , Newbold, T. , Contu, S. , Hill, S. L. L. , Lysenko, I. , De Palma, A. , … Purvis, A. (2014). The PREDICTS database: A global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts. Ecology and Evolution, 4(24), 4701–4735. doi:10.1002/ece3.1303 PubMed DOI PMC
Hudson, L. N. , Newbold, T. , Purves, D. W. , Scharlemann, J. P. W. , Mace, G. , & Purvis, A. (2013) Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (PREDICTS): Can you help? BES Bulletin, 44(1), 36–37.
Hull, P. M. , Darroch, S. A. F. , & Erwin, D. H. (2015). Rarity in mass extinctions and the future of ecosystems. Nature, 528(7582), 345–351. doi:10.1038/nature16160 PubMed DOI
Hurtt, G. C. , Chini, L. P. , Frolking, S. , Betts, R. A. , Feddema, J. , Fischer, G. , … Wang, Y. P. (2011). Harmonization of land‐use scenarios for the period 1500–2100: 600 years of global gridded annual land‐use transitions, wood harvest, and resulting secondary lands. Climatic Change, 109, 117–161. doi:10.1007/s10584‐011‐0153‐2 DOI
Hylander, K. , & Nemomissa, S. (2009). Complementary roles of home gardens and exotic tree plantations as alternative habitats for plants of the Ethiopian montane rainforest. Conservation Biology, 23(2), 400–409. doi:10.1111/j.1523‐1739.2008.01097.x PubMed DOI
Hylander, K. , Nilsson, C. , & Gothner, T. (2004). Effects of buffer‐strip retention and clearcutting on land snails in boreal riparian forests. Conservation Biology, 18(4), 1052–1062. doi:10.1111/j.1523‐1739.2004.00199.x DOI
Hylander, K. , & Weibull, H. (2012). Do time‐lagged extinctions and colonizations change the interpretation of buffer strip effectiveness? – a study of riparian bryophytes in the first decade after logging. Journal of Applied Ecology, 49(6), 1316–1324. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2012.02218.x DOI
Ims, R. A. , & Henden, J. A. (2012). Collapse of an arctic bird community resulting from ungulate‐induced loss of erect shrubs. Biological Conservation, 149(1), 2–5. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.02.008 DOI
Inchausti, P. , & Halley, J. (2001). Investigating long‐term ecological variability using the global population dynamics database. Science, 293(5530), 655–657. doi:10.1126/science.293.5530.655 PubMed DOI
International Union for Conservation of Nature (2016). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016‐1. http://www.iucnredlist.org
Isaacs‐Cubides, P. J. , & Urbina‐Cardona, J. N. (2011). Anthropogenic disturbance and edge effects on anuran assemblages inhabiting cloud forest fragments in Colombia. Natureza & Conservacao, 9(1), 39–46. doi:10.4322/natcon.2011.004 DOI
Ishida, H. , Hattori, T. , & Takeda, Y. (2005). Comparison of species composition and richness between primary and secondary lucidophyllous forests in two altitudinal zones of Tsushima Island, Japan. Forest Ecology and Management, 213(1–3), 273–287. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.046 DOI
Ishitani, M. , Kotze, D. J. , & Niemela, J. (2003). Changes in carabid beetle assemblages across an urban‐rural gradient in Japan. Ecography, 26(4), 481–489. doi:10.1034/j.1600‐0587.2003.03436.x DOI
Jacobs, C. T. , Scholtz, C. H. , Escobar, F. , & Davis, A. L. V. (2010). How might intensification of farming influence dung beetle diversity (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Maputo Special Reserve (Mozambique)? Journal of Insect Conservation, 14(4), 389–399. doi:10.1007/s10841‐010‐9270‐x DOI
Jauker, B. , Krauss, J. , Jauker, F. , & Steffan‐Dewenter, I . (2013) Linking life history traits to pollinator loss in fragmented calcareous grasslands. Landscape Ecology, 28 (1), 107–120. doi:10.1007/s10980‐012‐9820‐6 DOI
Johnson, M. F. , Gómez, A. , & Pinedo‐Vasquez, M. (2008). Land use and mosquito diversity in the Peruvian Amazon. Journal of Medical Entomology, 45(6), 1023–1030. doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[1023:luamdi]2.0.co;2 PubMed DOI
Jolli, V. , & Pandit, M. K. (2011). Monitoring pheasants (Phasianidae) in the western Himalayas to measure the impact of hydro‐electric projects. Ring, 33(1–2), 37–46. doi:10.2478/v10050‐011‐0003‐7 DOI
Jones, K. E. , Bielby, J. , Cardillo, M. , Fritz, S. A. , O'Dell, J. , Orme, C. D. L. , … Purvis, A. (2009). PanTHERIA: A species‐level database of life history, ecology, and geography of extant and recently extinct mammals. Ecology, 90(9), 2648. doi:10.1890/08‐1494.1 DOI
Jonsell, M. (2012). Old park trees as habitat for saproxylic beetle species. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(3), 619–642. doi:10.1007/s10531‐011‐0203‐0 DOI
Joubert, L. , Esler, K. J. , & Privett, S. D. J. (2009). The effect of ploughing and augmenting natural vegetation with commercial fynbos species on the biodiversity of Overberg Sandstone fynbos on the Agulhas Plain, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 75(3), 526–531. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2009.05.002 DOI
Julier, H. E. , & Roulston, T. H. (2009). Wild bee abundance and pollination service in cultivated pumpkins: Farm management, nesting behavior and landscape effects. Journal of Economic Entomology, 102(2), 563–573. doi:10.1603/029.102.0214 PubMed DOI
Jung, T. S. , & Powell, T. (2011). Spatial distribution of meadow jumping mice (Zapus hudsonius) in logged boreal forest of northwestern Canada. Mammalian Biology, 76(6), 678–682. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2011.08.002 DOI
Justice, C. O. , Vermote, E. , Townshend, J. R. , Defries, R. , Roy, D. P. , Hall, D. K. , … Barnsley, M. J. (1998). The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): Land remote sensing for global change research. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 36(4), 1228–1249.
Kapoor, V. (2008). Effects of rainforest fragmentation and shade‐coffee plantations on spider communities in the Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Conservation, 12(1), 53–68. doi:10.1007/s10841‐006‐9062‐5 DOI
Kappes, H. , Katzschner, L. , & Nowak, C. (2012). Urban summer heat load: Meteorological data as a proxy for metropolitan biodiversity. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 21(5), 525–528. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2012/0361 DOI
Kati, V. , Zografou, K. , Tzirkalli, E. , Chitos, T. , & Willemse, L. (2012). Butterfly and grasshopper diversity patterns in humid Mediterranean grasslands: The roles of disturbance and environmental factors. Journal of Insect Conservation, 16(6), 807–818. doi:10.1007/s10841‐012‐9467‐2 DOI
Katovai, E. , Burley, A. L. , & Mayfield, M. M. (2012). Understory plant species and functional diversity in the degraded wet tropical forests of Kolombangara Island, Solomon Islands. Biological Conservation, 145(1), 214–224. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.008 DOI
Kattge, J. , Diaz, S. , Lavorel, S. , Prentice, C. , Leadley, P. , Bonisch, G. , … Wirth, C. (2011). TRY – a global database of plant traits. Global Change Biology, 17(9), 2905–2935. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2486.2011.02451.x DOI
Kessler, M. , Abrahamczyk, S. , Bos, M. , Buchori, D. , Putra, D. D. , Gradstein, S. R. , … Tscharntke, T. (2009). Alpha and beta diversity of plants and animals along a tropical land‐use gradient. Ecological Applications, 19(8), 2142–2156. doi:10.1890/08‐1074.1 PubMed DOI
Kessler, M. , Kessler, P. J. A. , Gradstein, S. R. , Bach, K. , Schmull, M. , & Pitopang, R. (2005). Tree diversity in primary forest and different land use systems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14(3), 547–560. doi:10.1007/s10531‐004‐3914‐7 DOI
Kittle, A. M. , Watson, A. C. , Chanaka Kumara, P. H. , & Nimalka Sanjeewani, H. K. (2012). Status and distribution of the leopard in the central hills of Sri Lanka. Cat News, 56, 28–31.
Knight, M. E. , Osborne, J. L. , Sanderson, R. A. , Hale, R. J. , Martin, A. P. , & Goulson, D. (2009). Bumblebee nest density and the scale of available forage in arable landscapes. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2(2), 116–124. doi:10.1111/j.1752‐4598.2009.00049.x DOI
Knop, E. , Ward, P. I. , & Wich, S. A. (2004). A comparison of orang‐utan density in a logged and unlogged forest on Sumatra. Biological Conservation, 120(2), 183–188. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.02.010 DOI
Kohler, F. , Verhulst, J. , van Klink, R. , & Kleijn, D. (2008). At what spatial scale do high‐quality habitats enhance the diversity of forbs and pollinators in intensively farmed landscapes? Journal of Applied Ecology, 45(3), 753–762. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2007.01394.x DOI
Koivula, M. , Hyyrylainen, V. , & Soininen, E. (2004). Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) at forest‐farmland edges in southern Finland. Journal of Insect Conservation, 8(4), 297–309. doi:10.1007/s10841‐004‐0296‐9 DOI
Kolb, A. , & Diekmann, M. (2004). Effects of environment, habitat configuration and forest continuity on the distribution of forest plant species. Journal of Vegetation Science, 15(2), 199–208. doi:10.1111/j.1654‐1103.2004.tb02255.x DOI
Kone, M. , Konate, S. , Yeo, K. , Kouassi, P. K. , & Linsenmair, K. E. (2010). Diversity and abundance of terrestrial ants along a gradient of land use intensification in a transitional forest‐savannah zone of Côte d'Ivoire. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 29, 1809–1827.
Kőrösi, A. , Batáry, P. , Orosz, A. , Rédei, D. , & Báldi, A. (2012). Effects of grazing, vegetation structure and landscape complexity on grassland leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) and true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in Hungary. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 5(1), 57–66. doi:10.1111/j.1752‐4598.2011.00153.x DOI
Krauss, J. , Bommarco, R. , Guardiola, M. , Heikkinen, R. K. , Helm, A. , Kuussaari, M. , … Steffan‐Dewenter, I. (2010). Habitat fragmentation causes immediate and time‐delayed biodiversity loss at different trophic levels. Ecology Letters, 13(5), 597–605. doi:10.1111/j.1461‐0248.2010.01457.x PubMed DOI PMC
Krauss, J. , Klein, A. M. , Steffan‐Dewenter, I. , & Tscharntke, T. (2004). Effects of habitat area, isolation, and landscape diversity on plant species richness of calcareous grasslands. Biodiversity and Conservation, 13(8), 1427–1439. doi:10.1023/b:bioc.0000021323.18165.58 DOI
Krauss, J. , Steffan‐Dewenter, I. , & Tscharntke, T. (2003). How does landscape context contribute to effects of habitat fragmentation on diversity and population density of butterflies? Journal of Biogeography, 30(6), 889–900. doi:10.1046/j.1365‐2699.2003.00878.x DOI
Kumar, R. , & Shahabuddin, G. (2005). Effects of biomass extraction on vegetation structure, diversity and composition of forests in Sariska Tiger Reserve, India. Environmental Conservation, 32(3), 248–259. doi:10.1017/s0376892905002316 DOI
Kurz, D. J. , Nowakowski, A. J. , Tingley, M. W. , Donnelly, M. A. , & Wilcove, D. S. (2014). Forest‐land use complementarity modifies community structure of a tropical herpetofauna. Biological Conservation, 170, 246–255. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2013.12.027 DOI
Kutt, A. S. , Vanderduys, E. P. , & O'Reagain, P. (2012). Spatial and temporal effects of grazing management and rainfall on the vertebrate fauna of a tropical savanna. Rangeland Journal, 34(2), 173–182. doi:10.1071/rj11049 DOI
Kutt, A. S. , & Woinarski, J. C. Z. (2007). The effects of grazing and fire on vegetation and the vertebrate assemblage in a tropical savanna woodland in north‐eastern Australia. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 23, 95–106. doi:10.1017/s0266467406003579 DOI
Lachat, T. , Attignon, S. , Djego, J. , Goergen, G. , Nagel, P. , Sinsin, B. , & Peveling, R. (2006). Arthropod diversity in Lama forest reserve (South Benin), a mosaic of natural, degraded and plantation forests. Biodiversity and Conservation, 15(1), 3–23. doi:10.1007/s10531‐004‐1234‐6 DOI
Lantschner, M. V. , Rusch, V. , & Hayes, J. P. (2012). Habitat use by carnivores at different spatial scales in a plantation forest landscape in Patagonia, Argentina. Forest Ecology and Management, 269, 271–278. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.045 DOI
Lantschner, M. V. , Rusch, V. , & Peyrou, C. (2008). Bird assemblages in pine plantations replacing native ecosystems in NW Patagonia. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17(5), 969–989. doi:10.1007/s10531‐007‐9243‐x DOI
Lasky, J. R. , & Keitt, T. H. (2010). Abundance of Panamanian dry‐forest birds along gradients of forest cover at multiple scales. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 26, 67–78. doi:10.1017/s0266467409990368 DOI
Latta, S. C. , Tinoco, B. A. , Astudillo, P. X. , & Graham, C. H. (2011). Patterns and magnitude of temporal change in avian communities in the Ecuadorian Andes. Condor, 113(1), 24–40. doi:10.1525/cond.2011.090252 DOI
Laurance, W. F. , & Laurance, S. G. W. (1996). Responses of five arboreal marsupials to recent selective logging in tropical Australia. Biotropica, 28(3), 310–322. doi:10.2307/2389195 DOI
Lawton, J. H. , Bignell, D. E. , Bolton, B. , Bloemers, G. F. , Eggleton, P. , Hammond, P. M. , … Watt, A. D. (1998). Biodiversity inventories, indicator taxa and effects of habitat modification in tropical forest. Nature, 391(6662), 72–76. doi:10.1038/34166 DOI
Le Féon, V. , Schermann‐Legionnet, A. , Delettre, Y. , Aviron, S. , Billeter, R. , Bugter, R. , … Burel, F. (2010). Intensification of agriculture, landscape composition and wild bee communities: a large scale study in four European countries. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 137(1–2), 143–150. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2010.01.015 DOI
Légaré, J. P. , Hébert, C. , & Ruel, J. C. (2011). Alternative silvicultural practices in irregular boreal forests: Response of beetle assemblages. Silva Fennica, 45(5), 937–956.
Lehouck, V. , Spanhove, T. , Colson, L. , Adringa‐Davis, A. , Cordeiro, N. , & Lens, L. (2009). Habitat disturbance reduces seed dispersal of a forest interior tree in a fragmented African cloud forest. Oikos, 118(7), 1023–1034. doi:10.1111/j.1600‐0706.2009.17300.x DOI
Leighton‐Goodall, I. , Brown, K. , Hammond, P. M. , & Eggleton, P . (2012). Unpublished data of soil macrofauna in London woodlands: species density, composition and level of synanthropy vary with distance from the centre of the city.
Lentini, P. E. , Martin, T. G. , Gibbons, P. , Fischer, J. , & Cunningham, S. A. (2012). Supporting wild pollinators in a temperate agricultural landscape: Maintaining mosaics of natural features and production. Biological Conservation, 149(1), 84–92. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.02.004 DOI
Letcher, S. G. , & Chazdon, R. L. (2009). Rapid recovery of biomass, species richness, and species composition in a forest chronosequence in northeastern Costa Rica. Biotropica, 41(5), 608–617. doi:10.1111/j.1744‐7429.2009.00517.x DOI
Li, S. N. , Zou, F. S. , Zhang, Q. , & Sheldon, F. H. (2013). Species richness and guild composition in rubber plantations compared to secondary forest on Hainan Island. China. Agroforestry Systems, 87(5), 1117–1128. doi:10.1007/s10457‐013‐9624‐y DOI
de Lima, R. F. , Dallimer, M. , Atkinson, P. W. , & Barlow, J. (2013). Biodiversity and land‐use change: Understanding the complex responses of an endemic‐rich bird assemblage. Diversity and Distributions, 19(4), 411–422. doi:10.1111/ddi.12015 DOI
Liow, L. H. , Sodhi, N. S. , & Elmqvist, T. (2001). Bee diversity along a disturbance gradient in tropical lowland forests of south‐east Asia. Journal of Applied Ecology, 38(1), 180–192. doi:10.1046/j.1365‐2664.2001.00582.x DOI
Litchwark, S. A . (2013) Honeybee declines in a changing landscape: Interactive effects of honeybee declines and land‐use intensification on pollinator communities. MSc thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Littlewood, N. A. (2008). Grazing impacts on moth diversity and abundance on a Scottish upland estate. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 1(3), 151–160. doi:10.1111/j.1752‐4598.2008.00021.x DOI
Littlewood, N. A. , Pakeman, R. J. , & Pozsgai, G. (2012). Grazing impacts on Auchenorrhyncha diversity and abundance on a Scottish upland estate. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 5(1), 67–74. doi:10.1111/j.1752‐4598.2011.00135.x DOI
Liu, Y. H. , Axmacher, J. C. , Wang, C. L. , Li, L. T. , & Yu, Z. R. (2012). Ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages of restored semi‐natural habitats and intensively cultivated fields in northern China. Restoration Ecology, 20(2), 234–239. doi:10.1111/j.1526‐100x.2010.00755.x DOI
Lo‐Man‐Hung, N. F. , Gardner, T. A. , Ribeiro‐Júnior, M. A. , Barlow, J. , & Bonaldo, A. B. (2008). The value of primary, secondary, and plantation forests for Neotropical epigeic arachnids. Journal of Arachnology, 36(2), 394–401. doi:10.1636/ct07‐136.1 DOI
Lo‐Man‐Hung, N. F. , Marichal, R. , Candiani, D. F. , Carvalho, L. S. , Indicatti, R. P. , Bonaldo, A. B. , … Lavelle, P. (2011). Impact of different land management on soil spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in two Amazonian areas of Brazil and Colombia. Journal of Arachnology, 39(2), 296–302. doi:10.1636/cp10‐89.1 DOI
López‐Quintero, C. A. , Straatsma, G. , Franco‐Molano, A. E. , & Boekhout, T. (2012). Macrofungal diversity in Colombian Amazon forests varies with regions and regimes of disturbance. Biodiversity Conservation, 21, 2221–2243. doi:10.1007/s10531‐012‐0280‐8 DOI
Louhaichi, M. , Salkini, A. K. , & Petersen, S. L. (2009). Effect of small ruminant grazing on the plant community characteristics of semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 11(6), 681–689.
Lucas‐Borja, M. E. , Bastida, F. , Moreno, J. L. , Nicolas, C. , Andres, M. , Lopez, F. R. , & Del Cerro, A. (2011). The effects of human trampling on the microbiological properties of soil and vegetation in Mediterranean mountain areas. Land Degradation & Development, 22(4), 383–394. doi:10.1002/ldr.1014 DOI
Luja, V. , Herrando‐Perez, S. , Gonzalez‐Solis, D. , & Luiselli, L. (2008). Secondary rain forests are not havens for reptile species in tropical Mexico. Biotropica, 40(6), 747–757. doi:10.1111/j.1744‐7429.2008.00439.x DOI
Luskin, M. S. (2010). Flying foxes prefer to forage in farmland in a tropical dry forest landscape mosaic in Fiji. Biotropica, 42(2), 246–250. doi:10.1111/j.1744‐7429.2009.00577.x DOI
Mace, G. , & Balmford, A . (2000) Patterns and processes in contemporary mammalian extinction In Entwhistle A. & Dunstone N. (Eds.), Future priorities for the conservation of mammalian diversity, chapter 3 (pp. 27–52). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Macip‐Ríos, R. , & Muñoz‐Alonso, A. (2008). Diversidad de lagartijas en cafetales y bosque primario en el Soconusco chiapaneco. Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, 79(1), 185–195.
MacKenzie, D. I. , Nichols, J. D. , Lachman, G. B. , Droege, S. , Royle, J. A. , & Langtimm, C. A. (2002). Estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are less than one. Ecology, 83(8), 2248–2255. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2248:ESORWD]2.0.CO;2 DOI
MacSwiney, M. C. G. , Vilchis, P. L. , Clarke, F. M. , & Racey, P. A. (2007). The importance of cenotes in conserving bat assemblages in the Yucatan, Mexico. Biological Conservation, 136(4), 499–509. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.12.021 DOI
Madin, J. S. , Anderson, K. D. , Andreasen, M. H. , Bridge, T. C. , Cairns, S. D. , Connolly, S. R. , … Baird, A. H. (2016). The Coral Trait Database, a curated database of trait information for coral species from the global oceans. Scientific Data, 3, doi:10.1038/sdata.2016.17 PubMed DOI PMC
Maeto, K. , & Sato, S. (2004). Impacts of forestry on ant species richness and composition in warm‐temperate forests of Japan. Forest Ecology and Management, 187(2–3), 213–223. doi:10.1016/s0378‐1127(03)00333‐5 DOI
Magrini, M. J. , Freitas, A. V. L. , & Uehara‐Prado, M. (2011). The effects of four types of anthropogenic disturbances on composition and abundance of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Zoologia, 28(1), 63–71. doi:10.1590/s1984‐46702011000100010 DOI
Magura, T. , Horvath, R. , & Tothmeresz, B. (2010). Effects of urbanization on ground‐dwelling spiders in forest patches, in Hungary. Landscape Ecology, 25(4), 621–629. doi:10.1007/s10980‐009‐9445‐6 DOI
Mallari, N. A. D. , Collar, N. J. , Lee, D. C. , McGowan, P. J. K. , Wilkinson, R. , & Marsden, S. J. (2011). Population densities of understorey birds across a habitat gradient in Palawan, Philippines: Implications for conservation. Oryx, 45(2), 234–242. doi:10.1017/s0030605310001031 DOI
Malone, L. , Aulsford, J. , Howlett, B. , Scott‐Dupree, C. , Bardol, N. , & Donovan, B. (2010). Observations on bee species visiting white clover in New Zealand pastures. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(3), 284–286. doi:10.3896/ibra.1.49.3.09 DOI
Malonza, P. K. , & Veith, M. (2012). Amphibian community along elevational and habitat disturbance gradients in the Taita Hills, Kenya. Herpetotropicos, 7(1–2), 7–16.
Malumbres‐Olarte, J. , Barratt, B. I. P. , Vink, C. J. , Paterson, A. M. , Cruickshank, R. H. , Ferguson, C. M. , & Barton, D. M. (2014). Big and aerial invaders: Dominance of exotic spiders in burned New Zealand tussock grasslands. Biological Invasions, 16(11), 2311–2322. doi:10.1007/s10530‐014‐0666‐5 DOI
Måren, I . (2011) Unpublished data of woody species study in Nepal.
Måren, I. , Bhattarai, K. R. , & Chaudhary, R. P. (2013). Forest ecosystem services and biodiversity in contrasting Himalayan forest management systems. Environmental Conservation, 41(1), 73–83. doi:10.1017/s0376892913000258 DOI
Marin‐Spiotta, E. , Ostertag, R. , & Silver, W. L. (2007). Long‐term patterns in tropical reforestation: Plant community composition and aboveground biomass accumulation. Ecological Applications, 17(3), 828–839. doi:10.1890/06‐1268 PubMed DOI
Marsh, C. J. , Lewis, O. T. , Said, I. , & Ewers, R. M. (2010). Community‐level diversity modelling of birds and butterflies on Anjouan, Comoro Islands. Biological Conservation, 143(6), 1364–1374. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.03.010 DOI
Marshall, E. J. P. , West, T. M. , & Kleijn, D. (2006). Impacts of an agri‐environment field margin prescription on the flora and fauna of arable farmland in different landscapes. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 113(1–4), 36–44. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.036 DOI
Martin, P. S. , Gheler‐Costa, C. , Lopes, P. C. , Rosalino, L. M. , & Verdade, L. M. (2012). Terrestrial non‐volant small mammals in agro‐silvicultural landscapes of Southeastern Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management, 282, 185–195. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.002 DOI
Matsumoto, T. , Itioka, T. , Yamane, S. , & Momose, K. (2009). Traditional land use associated with swidden agriculture changes encounter rates of the top predator, the army ant, in Southeast Asian tropical rain forests. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18(12), 3139–3151. doi:10.1007/s10531‐009‐9632‐4 DOI
Mayfield, M. M. , Ackerly, D. , & Daily, G. C. (2006). The diversity and conservation of plant reproductive and dispersal functional traits in human‐dominated tropical landscapes. Journal of Ecology, 94(3), 522–536. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01108.x DOI
McCarthy, J. L. , McCarthy, K. P. , Fuller, T. K. , & McCarthy, T. M. (2010). Assessing variation in wildlife biodiversity in the Tien Shan Mountains of Kyrgyzstan using ancillary camera‐trap photos. Mountain Research and Development, 30(3), 295–301. doi:10.1659/mrd‐journal‐d‐09‐00080.1 DOI
McFrederick, Q. S. , & LeBuhn, G. (2006). Are urban parks refuges for bumble bees Bombus spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)? Biological Conservation, 129(3), 372–382. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.11.004 DOI
McKinney, M. L. (1997). Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: Combining ecological and paleontological views. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 28, 495–516. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.495 DOI
McNamara, S. , Erskine, P. D. , Lamb, D. , Chantalangsy, L. , & Boyle, S. (2012). Primary tree species diversity in secondary fallow forests of Laos. Forest Ecology and Management, 281, 93–99. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.004 DOI
McShea, W. J. , Stewart, C. , Peterson, L. , Erb, P. , Stuebing, R. , & Giman, B. (2009). The importance of secondary forest blocks for terrestrial mammals within an Acacia/secondary forest matrix in Sarawak, Malaysia. Biological Conservation, 142(12), 3108–3119. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.08.009 DOI
Medina, R. , Lara, F. , Albertos, B. , Draper, I. , Garilleti, R. , & Mazimpaka, V. (2010). Epiphytic bryophytes in harsh environments: The Juniperus thurifera forests. Journal of Bryology, 32(1), 23–31. doi:10.1179/037366810x12578498135715 DOI
Meijer, S. S. , Whittaker, R. J. , & Borges, P. A. V. (2011). The effects of land‐use change on arthropod richness and abundance on Santa Maria Island (Azores): Unmanaged plantations favour endemic beetles. Journal of Insect Conservation, 15(4), 505–522. doi:10.1007/s10841‐010‐9330‐2 DOI
Mena, J. L. , & Medellín, R. A. (2010). Small mammal assemblages in a disturbed tropical landscape at Pozuzo, Peru. Mammalian Biology, 75(1), 83–91. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2009.08.006 DOI
Meyer, B. , Gaebele, V. , & Steffan‐Dewenter, I. D. (2007). Patch size and landscape effects on pollinators and seed set of the horseshoe vetch, Hippocrepis comosa, in an agricultural landscape of central Europe. Entomologia Generalis, 30(2), 173–185.
Meyer, B. , Jauker, F. , & Steffan‐Dewenter, I. (2009). Contrasting resource‐dependent responses of hovery richness and density to landscape structure. Basic and Applied Ecology, 10(2), 178–186. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2008.01.001 DOI
Meyer, C. , Kreft, H. , Guralnick, R. , & Jetz, W. (2015). Global priorities for an effective information basis of biodiversity distributions. Nature Communications, 6, doi:10.1038/ncomms9221 PubMed DOI PMC
Mico, E. , Garcia‐Lopez, A. , Brustel, H. , Padilla, A. , & Galante, E. (2013). Explaining the saproxylic beetle diversity of a protected Mediterranean area. Biodiversity and Conservation, 22(4), 889–904. doi:10.1007/s10531‐013‐0456‐x DOI
Milder, J. C. , DeClerck, F. A. J. , Sanfiorenzo, A. , Sanchez, D. M. , Tobar, D. E. , & Zuckerberg, B . (2010) Effects of farm and landscape management on bird and butterfly conservation in western Honduras. Ecosphere, 1 (1), art2. doi:10.1890/es10‐00003.1 DOI
Miranda, M. V. , Politi, N. , & Rivera, L. O. (2010). Unexpected changes in the bird assemblage in areas under selective logging in piedmont forest in northwestern Argentina. Ornitologia Neotropical, 21(3), 323–337.
Mittermeier, R. A. , Gil, P. R. , & Mittermeier, C. G . (1997). Megadiversity: Earth's biologically wealthiest nations. Mexico City Mexico, CEMEX.
Mittermeier, R. A. , Mittermeier, C. G. , Brooks, T. M. , Pilgrim, J. D. , Konstant, W. R. , da Fonseca, G. A. B. , & Kormos, C. (2003). Wilderness and biodiversity conservation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(18), 10309–10313. doi:10.1073/pnas.1732458100 PubMed DOI PMC
Moir, M. L. , Brennan, K. E. C. , Koch, J. M. , Majer, J. D. , & Fletcher, M. J. (2005). Restoration of a forest ecosystem: The effects of vegetation and dispersal capabilities on the reassembly of plant‐dwelling arthropods. Forest Ecology and Management, 217(2–3), 294–306. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.06.012 DOI
Moreno‐Mateos, D. , Rey Benayas, J. M. , Perez‐Camacho, L. , de la Montana, E. , Rebollo, S. , & Cayuela, L. (2011). Effects of land use on nocturnal birds in a Mediterranean agricultural landscape. Acta Ornithologica, 46(2), 173–182. doi:10.3161/000164511x625946 DOI
Muchane, M. N. , Karanja, D. , Wambugu, G. M. , Mutahi, J. M. , Masiga, C. W. , Mugoya, C. , & Muchai, M. (2012). Land use practices and their implications on soil macro‐fauna in Maasai Mara ecosystem. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 4(13), 500–514. doi:10.5897/ijbc12.030 DOI
Mudri‐Stojnic, S. , Andric, A. , Jozan, Z. , & Vujic, A. (2012). Pollinator diversity (Hymenoptera and Diptera) in semi‐natural habitats in Serbia during summer. Archives of Biological Sciences, 64(2), 777–786. doi:10.2298/abs1202777s DOI
Munyekenye, F. , Mwangi, E. , & Gichuki, N. (2008). Bird species richness and abundance in different forest types at Kakamega Forest, western Kenya. Ostrich, 79(1), 37–42. doi:10.2989/ostrich.2008.79.1.4.361 DOI
Myers, N. , Mittermeier, R. A. , Mittermeier, C. G. , da Fonseca, G. A. B. , & Kent, J. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403(6772), 853–858. doi:10.1038/35002501 PubMed DOI
Naidoo, R. (2004). Species richness and community composition of songbirds in a tropical forest‐agricultural landscape. Animal Conservation, 7, 93–105. doi:10.1017/s1367943003001185 DOI
Naithani, A. , & Bhatt, D. (2012). Bird community structure in natural and urbanized habitats along an altitudinal gradient in Pauri district (Garhwal Himalaya) of Uttarakhand state, India. Biologia, 67(4), 800–808. doi:10.2478/s11756‐012‐0068‐z DOI
Nakagawa, M. , Miguchi, H. , & Nakashizuka, T. (2006). The effects of various forest uses on small mammal communities in Sarawak, Malaysia. Forest Ecology and Management, 231(1–3), 55–62. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.006 DOI
Nakamura, A. , Proctor, H. , & Catterall, C. P. (2003). Using soil and litter arthropods to assess the state of rainforest restoration. Ecological Management & Restoration, 4(Suppl.), S20–S28. doi:10.1046/j.1442‐8903.4.s.3.x DOI
Nakashima, Y. , Inoue, E. , & Akomo‐Okoue, E. (2013). Population density and habitat preferences of forest duikers in Moukalaba‐Doudou National Park, Gabon. African Zoology, 48(2), 395–399. doi:10.3377/004.048.0212 DOI
Naoe, S. , Sakai, S. , & Masaki, T. (2012). Effect of forest shape on habitat selection of birds in a plantation‐dominant landscape across seasons: Comparison between continuous and strip forests. Journal of Forest Research, 17(2), 219–223. doi:10.1007/s10310‐011‐0296‐z DOI
Navarrete, D. , & Halffter, G. (2008). Dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) diversity in continuous forest, forest fragments and cattle pastures in a landscape of Chiapas, Mexico: The effects of anthropogenic changes. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17(12), 2869–2898. doi:10.1007/s10531‐008‐9402‐8 DOI
Navarro, I. L. , Roman, A. K. , Gomez, F. H. , & Perez, H. A. (2011). Seasonal variation in dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Serrania de Coraza, Sucre (Colombia). Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal, 3(1), 102–110.
Ndang'ang'a, P. , Njoroge, J. , & Githiru, M. (2013) Vegetation composition and structure influences bird species community assemblages in the highland agricultural landscape of Nyandarua, Kenya. Ostrich, 84 (3), 171–179. doi:10.2989/00306525.2013.860929 DOI
Neuschulz, E. L. , Botzat, A. , & Farwig, N. (2011). Effects of forest modification on bird community composition and seed removal in a heterogeneous landscape in South Africa. Oikos, 120(9), 1371–1379. doi:10.1111/j.1600‐0706.2011.19097.x DOI
Newbold, T. , Hudson, L. N. , Arnell, A. P. , Contu, S. , De Palma, A. , Ferrier, S. , … Purvis, A. (2016). Has land use pushed terrestrial biodiversity beyond the planetary boundary? A global assessment Science, 353(6296), 288–291. doi:10.1126/science.aaf2201 PubMed DOI
Newbold, T. , Hudson, L. N. , Hill, S. L. L. , Contu, S. , Gray, C. L. , Scharlemann, J. P. W. , … Purvis, A. (2016). Global patterns of terrestrial assemblage turnover within and among land uses. Ecography, 39, 1–13. doi:10.1111/ecog.01932 DOI
Newbold, T. , Hudson, L. N. , Hill, S. L. L. , Contu, S. , Lysenko, I. , Senior, R. A. , … Purvis, A. (2015). Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity. Nature, 520(7545), 45–50. doi:10.1038/nature14324 PubMed DOI
Newbold, T. , Hudson, L. N. , Phillips, H. R. , Hill, S. L. L. , Contu, S. , Lysenko, I. , … Purvis, A. (2014). A global model of the response of tropical and sub‐tropical forest biodiversity to anthropogenic pressures. Proceedings of the Royal Society B – Biological Sciences, 281(1792), doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1371 PubMed DOI PMC
Newbold, T. , Hudson, L. , Purves, D. W. , Scharlemann, J. P. W. , Mace, G. , & Purvis, A. (2012). Call for data: PREDICTS: Projecting responses of ecological diversity in changing terrestrial systems. Frontiers of Biogeography, 4(4), 155–156.
Ngai, J. T. , Kirby, K. R. , Gilbert, B. , Starzomski, B. M. , Pelletier, A. J. D. , & Conner, J. C. R. (2008). The impact of land‐use change on larval insect communities: Testing the role of habitat elements in conservation. Ecoscience, 15(2), 160–168. doi:10.2980/15‐2‐3098 DOI
Nicolas, V. , Barriere, P. , Tapiero, A. , & Colyn, M. (2009). Shrew species diversity and abundance in Ziama Biosphere Reserve, Guinea: Comparison among primary forest, degraded forest and restoration plots. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18(8), 2043–2061. doi:10.1007/s10531‐008‐9572‐4 DOI
Nielsen, A. , Steffan‐Dewenter, I. , Westphal, C. , Messinger, O. , Potts, S. G. , Roberts, S. P. M. , … Petanidou, T. (2011). Assessing bee species richness in two Mediterranean communities: Importance of habitat type and sampling techniques. Ecological Research, 26(5), 969–983. doi:10.1007/s11284‐011‐0852‐1 DOI
Noreika, N. (2009). New records of rare species of Coleoptera found in Ukmergė district in 2004–2005. New and Rare for Lithuania Insect Species, 21, 68–71.
Noreika, N. , & Kotze, D. J. (2012). Forest edge contrasts have a predictable effect on the spatial distribution of carabid beetles in urban forests. Journal of Insect Conservation, 16(6), 867–881. doi:10.1007/s10841‐012‐9474‐3 DOI
Norfolk, O. , Abdel‐Dayem, M. , & Gilbert, F. (2012). Rainwater harvesting and arthropod biodiversity within an arid agro‐ecosystem. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 162, 8–14. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2012.08.007 DOI
Norfolk, O. , Eichhorn, M. P. , & Gilbert, F. (2013). Traditional agricultural gardens conserve wild plants and functional richness in arid South Sinai. Basic and Applied Ecology, 14(8), 659–669. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2013.10.004 DOI
Noriega, J. A. , Palacio, J. M. , Monroy‐G, J. D. , & Valencia, E. (2012). Estructura de un ensamblaje de escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) en tres sitios con diferente uso del suelo en Antioquia, Colombia. Actualidades Biologicas (Medellin), 34(96), 43–54.
Noriega, J. A. , Realpe, E. , & Fagua, G. (2007). Diversidad de escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en un bosque de galeria con tres estadios de alteracion. Universitas Scientiarum, 12, 51–63.
Norris, K. (2012). Biodiversity in the context of ecosystem services: The applied need for systems approaches. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367(1586), 191–199. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0176 PubMed DOI PMC
Norton, D. A. , Espie, P. R. , Murray, W. , & Murray, J . (2006) Influence of pastoral management on plant biodiversity in a depleted short tussock grassland, Mackenzie Basin. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 30(3), 335–344. doi:10092/26
Nöske, N. M. , Hilt, N. , Werner, F. A. , Brehm, G. , Fiedler, K. , Sipman, H. J. M. , & Gradstein, S. R. (2008). Disturbance effects on diversity of epiphytes and moths in a montane forest in Ecuador. Basic and Applied Ecology, 9(1), 4–12. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2007.06.014 DOI
Numa, C. , Verdu, J. R. , Rueda, C. , & Galante, E. (2012). Comparing dung beetle species assemblages between protected areas and adjacent pasturelands in a Mediterranean savanna landscape. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 65(2), 137–143. doi:10.2111/rem‐d‐10-00050.1 DOI
Nyeko, P. (2009). Dung beetle assemblages and seasonality in primary forest and forest fragments on agricultural landscapes in Budongo, Uganda. Biotropica, 41(4), 476–484. doi:10.1111/j.1744‐7429.2009.00499.x DOI
O'Connor, T. G. (2005). Influence of land use on plant community composition and diversity in Highland Sourveld grassland in the southern Drakensberg, South Africa. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42(5), 975–988. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2005.01065.x DOI
O'Dea, N. , & Whittaker, R. J. (2007). How resilient are Andean montane forest bird communities to habitat degradation? Biodiversity and Conservation, 16(4), 1131–1159. doi:10.1007/s10531‐006‐9095‐9 DOI
Oertli, S. , Muller, A. , & Dorn, S. (2005). Ecological and seasonal patterns in the diversity of a species‐rich bee assemblage (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes). European Journal of Entomology, 102(1), 53–63. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.05.014 DOI
O'Farrell, P. J. , Donaldson, J. S. , Hoffman, M. T. , & Mader, A. D. (2008). Small mammal diversity and density on the Bokkeveld escarpment, South Africa – implications for conservation and livestock predation. African Zoology, 43(1), 117–124. doi:10.3377/1562-7020(2008)43[117:smdado]2.0.co;2 DOI
Ofori‐Boateng, C. , Oduro, W. , Hillers, A. , Norris, K. , Oppong, S. K. , Adum, G. B. , & Rodel, M. O. (2013). Differences in the effects of selective logging on amphibian assemblages in three West African forest types. Biotropica, 45(1), 94–101. doi:10.1111/j.1744‐7429.2012.00887.x DOI
Oke, C. (2013). Land snail diversity in post extraction secondary forest reserves in Edo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Ecology, 51(2), 244–254. doi:10.1111/aje.12029 DOI
Oke, O. C. , & Chokor, J. U. (2009). The effect of land use on snail species richness and diversity in the tropical rainforest of south‐western Nigeria. African Scientist, 10(2), 95–108.
Oliveira, D. E. , Carrijo, T. F. , & Brandão, D. (2013). Species composition of termites (Isoptera) in different Cerrado vegetation physiognomies. Sociobiology, 60(2), 190–197. doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v60i2.190‐197 DOI
Oostra, V. , Gomes, L. G. L. , & Nijman, V. (2008). Implications of deforestation for the abundance of restricted‐range bird species in a Costa Rican cloud forest. Bird Conservation International, 18(1), 11–19.
Osgathorpe, L. M. , Park, K. , & Goulson, D. (2012). The use of off‐farm habitats by foraging bumblebees in agricultural landscapes: Implications for conservation management. Apidologie, 43(2), 113–127. doi:10.1007/s13592‐011‐0083‐z DOI
Otavo, S. E. , Parrado‐Rosselli, A. , & Noriega, J. A . (2013) Superfamilia Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) como elemento bioindicador de perturbación antropogénica en un parque nacional amazónico. Revista de Biología Tropical, 61(2), 735–752. PubMed
Otto, C. R. V. , & Roloff, G. J. (2012). Songbird response to green‐tree retention prescriptions in clearcut forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 284, 241–250. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.016 DOI
Owiunji, I. , & Plumptre, A. J. (1998). Bird communities in logged and unlogged compartments in Budongo Forest, Uganda. Forest Ecology and Management, 108(1–2), 115–126. doi:10.1016/s0378‐1127(98)00219‐9 DOI
Pacifici, M. , Santini, L. , Di Marco, M. , Baisero, D. , Francucci, L. , Marasini, G. G. , … Rondinini, C. (2013). Generation length for mammals. Nature Conservation, 5, 87–94. doi:10.3897/natureconservation.5.5734 DOI
Page, N. V. , Qureshi, Q. , Rawat, G. S. , & Kushalappa, C. G. (2010). Plant diversity in sacred forest fragments of Western Ghats: A comparative study of four life forms. Plant Ecology, 206(2), 237–250. doi:10.1007/s11258‐009‐9638‐8 DOI
Paradis, S. , & Work, T. T. (2011). Partial cutting does not maintain spider assemblages within the observed range of natural variability in Eastern Canadian black spruce forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 262(11), 2079–2093. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.08.032 DOI
Paritsis, J. , & Aizen, M. A. (2008). Effects of exotic conifer plantations on the biodiversity of understory plants, epigeal beetles and birds in Nothofagus dombeyi forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 255(5–6), 1575–1583. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.015 DOI
Parra‐H, A. , & Nates‐Parra, G . (2007) Variation of the orchid bees community (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in three altered habitats of the Colombian “llano” piedmont. Revista de Biología Tropical, 55(3–4), 931–941. PubMed
Parry, L. , Barlow, J. , & Peres, C. A. (2009). Hunting for sustainability in tropical secondary forests. Conservation Biology, 23(5), 1270–1280. doi:10.1111/j.1523‐1739.2009.01224.x PubMed DOI
Pearman, P. B. (2002). The scale of community structure: Habitat variation and avian guilds in tropical forest understory. Ecological Monographs, 72(1), 19–39. doi:10.2307/3100083 DOI
Pe'er, G. , van Maanen, C. , Turbe, A. , Matsinos, Y. G. , & Kark, S . (2011) Butterfly diversity at the ecotone between agricultural and semi‐natural habitats across a climatic gradient. Diversity and Distributions, 17 (6), 1186–1197. doi:10.1111/j.1472‐4642.2011.00795.x DOI
Pelegrin, N. , & Bucher, E. H. (2012). Effects of habitat degradation on the lizard assemblage in the Arid Chaco, central Argentina. Journal of Arid Environments, 79, 13–19. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.004 DOI
Pereira, H. M. , Ferrier, S. , Walters, M. , Geller, G. N. , Jongman, R. H. G. , Scholes, R. J. , … Wegmann, M. (2013). Essential biodiversity variables. Science, 339(6117), 277–278. doi:10.1126/science.1229931 PubMed DOI
Peres, C. A. , & Nascimento, H. S. (2006). Impact of game hunting by the Kayapo of south‐eastern Amazonia: Implications for wildlife conservation in tropical forest indigenous reserves. Biodiversity and Conservation, 15(8), 2627–2653. doi:10.1007/s10531‐005‐5406‐9 DOI
Peri, P. L. , Lencinas, M. V. , Martínez Pastur, G. , Wardell‐Johnson, G. W. , & Lasagno, R . (2013) Diversity patterns in the steppe of Argentinean southern Patagonia: Environmental drivers and impact of grazing In Morales Prieto M. B. & Traba Diaz J. (Eds.), Steppe ecosystems: Biological diversity, management and restoration, p. 346 New York, USA: Nova Science Publishers Inc.
Peters, M. K. , Fischer, G. , Schaab, G. , & Kraemer, M. (2009). Species compensation maintains abundance and raid rates of African swarm‐raiding army ants in rainforest fragments. Biological Conservation, 142(3), 668–675. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.11.021 DOI
Peters, M. K. , Lung, T. , Schaab, G. , & Waegele, J. (2011). Deforestation and the population decline of the army ant Dorylus wilverthi in western Kenya over the last century. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(3), 697–705. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2011.01959.x DOI
Pethiyagoda Jr, R. S . & Manamendra‐Arachchi, K. (2012). Endangered anurans in a novel forest in the highlands of Sri Lanka. Wildlife Research, 39(7), 641–648. doi:10.1071/wr12079 DOI
Pfeifer, M. , Lefebvre, V. , Gardner, T. A. , Arroyo‐Rodriguez, V. , Baeten, L. , Banks‐Leite, C. … Ewers, R. M. (2014). BIOFRAG – a new database for analyzing BIOdiversity responses to forest FRAGmentation. Ecology and Evolution, 4(9), 1524–1537. doi:10.1002/ece3.1036 PubMed DOI PMC
Phalan, B. , Onial, M. , Balmford, A. , & Green, R. (2011). Reconciling food production and biodiversity conservation: Land sharing and land sparing compared. Science, 333(6047), 1289–1291. doi:10.1126/science.1208742 PubMed DOI
Pillsbury, F. C. , & Miller, J. R. (2008). Habitat and landscape characteristics underlying anuran community structure along an urban‐rural gradient. Ecological Applications, 18(5), 1107–1118. doi:10.1890/07‐1899.1 PubMed DOI
Pincheira‐Ulbrich, J. , Rau, J. R. , & Smith‐Ramirez, C. (2012). Vascular epiphytes and climbing plants diversity in an agroforestal landscape in southern Chile: A comparison among native forest fragments. Boletin De La Sociedad Argentina De Botanica, 47(3–4), 411–426.
Pineda, E. , & Halffter, G. (2004). Species diversity and habitat fragmentation: Frogs in a tropical montane landscape in Mexico. Biological Conservation, 117(5), 499–508. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.08.009 DOI
Pineda, E. , & Lobo, J. M. (2008). Assessing the accuracy of species distribution models to predict amphibian species richness patterns. Journal of Animal Ecology, 78(1), 182–190. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2656.2008.01471.xView PubMed DOI
Poggio, S. L. , Chaneton, E. J. , & Ghersa, C. M. (2013). The arable plant diversity of intensively managed farmland: Effects of field position and crop type at local and landscape scales. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 166, 55–64. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2012.01.013 DOI
Politi, N. , Hunter Jr, M . & Rivera, L. (2012). Assessing the effects of selective logging on birds in Neotropical piedmont and cloud montane forests. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(12), 3131–3155. doi:10.1007/s10531‐012‐0358‐3 DOI
Pons, P. , & Wendenburg, C. (2005). The impact of fire and forest conversion into savanna on the bird communities of West Madagascan dry forests. Animal Conservation, 8, 183–193. doi:10.1017/s1367943005001940 DOI
Poveda, K. , Martinez, E. , Kersch‐Becker, M. , Bonilla, M. , & Tscharntke, T. (2012). Landscape simplification and altitude affect biodiversity, herbivory and Andean potato yield. Journal of Applied Ecology, 49(2), 513–522. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2012.02120.x DOI
Power, E. F. , Kelly, D. L. , & Stout, J. C. (2012). Organic farming and landscape structure: Effects on insect‐pollinated plant diversity in intensively managed grasslands. PLoS One, 7(5), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038073 PubMed DOI PMC
Power, E. F. , & Stout, J. C. (2011). Organic dairy farming: Impacts on insect‐ower interaction networks and pollination. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(3), 561–569. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2010.01949.x DOI
Presley, S. J. , Willig, M. R. , Wunderle, J. , Joseph, M. , & Saldanha, L. N. (2008). Effects of reduced‐impact logging and forest physiognomy on bat populations of lowland Amazonian forest. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45(1), 14–25. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2007.01373.x DOI
Proença, V. M. , Pereira, H. M. , Guilherme, J. A. , & Vicente, L. (2010). Plant and bird diversity in natural forests and in native and exotic plantations in NW Portugal. Acta Oecologica‐International Journal of Ecology, 36(2), 219–226. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2010.01.002 DOI
Purvis, A. , Agapow, P.‐M. , Gittleman, J. L. , & Mace, G. M. (2000). Nonrandom extinction and the loss of evolutionary history. Science, 288(5464), 328–330. doi:10.1126/science.288.5464.328 PubMed DOI
Quaranta, M. , Ambroselli, S. , Barro, P. , Bella, S. , Carini, A. , Celli, G. , … Zandigiacomo, P . (2004) Wild bees in agroecosystems and semi‐natural landscapes. 1997–2000 collection period in Italy. Bulletin of Insectology, 57 (1), 11–62.
Quintero, C. , Morales, C. L. , & Aizen, M. A. (2010). Effects of anthropogenic habitat disturbance on local pollinator diversity and species turnover across a precipitation gradient. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19(1), 257–274. doi:10.1007/s10531‐009‐9720‐5 DOI
R Core Team (2015). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. http://www.r-project.org
Rader, R. , Bartomeus, I. , Tylianakis, J. M. , & Laliberte, E. (2014). The winners and losers of land use intensification: Pollinator community disassembly is non‐random and alters functional diversity. Diversity and Distributions, 20(8), 908–917. doi:10.1111/ddi.12221 DOI
Ramesh, B. R. , Swaminath, M. H. , Patil, S. V. , Dasappa, Pélissier, R. , Venugopal, P. D. , … Ramalingam, S. (2010). Forest stand structure and composition in 96 sites along environmental gradients in the central Western Ghats of India. Ecology, 91(10), 3118. doi:10.1890/10‐0133.1 DOI
Ramos‐Robles, M. , Gallina, S. , & Mandujano, S. (2013). Habitat and human factors associated with white‐tailed deer density in the tropical dry forest of Tehuacan‐Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Tropical Conservation Science, 6(1), 70–86.
Ranganathan, J. , Chan, K. M. A. , & Daily, G. C. (2007). Satellite detection of bird communities in tropical countryside. Ecological Applications, 17(5), 1499–1510. doi:10.1890/06‐0285.1 PubMed DOI
Ranganathan, J. , Daniels, R. J. R. , Chandran, M. D. S. , Ehrlich, P. R. , & Daily, G. C. (2008). Sustaining biodiversity in ancient tropical countryside. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(46), 17852–17854. doi:10.1073/pnas.0808874105 PubMed DOI PMC
Rasmussen, C. (2009). Diversity and abundance of orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Euglossini) in a tropical rainforest succession. Neotropical Entomology, 38(1), 66–73. doi:10.1590/s1519‐566x2009000100006 PubMed DOI
Raub, F. , Hoefer, H. , Scheuermann, L. , & Brandl, R. (2014). The conservation value of secondary forests in the southern Brazilian Mata Atlantica from a spider perspective. Journal of Arachnology, 42(1), 52–73. doi:10.1636/p13‐47.1 DOI
Redpath, N. , Osgathorpe, L. M. , Park, K. , & Goulson, D. (2010). Crofting and bumblebee conservation: The impact of land management practices on bumblebee populations in northwest Scotland. Biological Conservation, 143(2), 492–500. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.019 DOI
Reid, J. L. , Harris, J. B. C. , & Zahawi, R. A. (2012). Avian habitat preference in tropical forest restoration in southern Costa Rica. Biotropica, 44(3), 350–359. doi:10.1111/j.1744‐7429.2011.00814.x DOI
Reis, Y. T. , & Cancello, E. M. (2007). Termite (Insecta, Isoptera) richness in primary and secondary Atlantic Forest in southeastern Bahia. Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 97(3), 229–234.
Rey‐Benayas, J. M. , Galvan, I. , & Carrascal, L. M. (2010). Differential effects of vegetation restoration in Mediterranean abandoned cropland by secondary succession and pine plantations on bird assemblages. Forest Ecology and Management, 260(1), 87–95. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.04.004 DOI
Reynolds, C. , & Symes, C. T. (2013). Grassland bird response to vegetation structural heterogeneity and clearing of invasive bramble. African Zoology, 48(2), 228–239. doi:10.3377/004.048.0217 DOI
Rey‐Velasco, J. C. , & Miranda‐Esquivel, D. R. (2012) Unpublished data of the response of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the northeastern Colombian Andes to habitat modification.
Ribeiro, D. B. , & Freitas, A. V. L. (2012). The effect of reduced‐impact logging on fruit‐feeding butterflies in Central Amazon, Brazil. Journal of Insect Conservation, 16(5), 733–744. doi:10.1007/s10841‐012‐9458‐3 DOI
Richards, M. H. , Rutgers‐Kelly, A. , Gibbs, J. , Vickruck, J. L. , Rehan, S. M. , & Sheffield, C. S. (2011). Bee diversity in naturalizing patches of Carolinian grasslands in southern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Entomologist, 143(3), 279–299. doi:10.4039/n11‐010 DOI
Richardson, B. A. , Richardson, M. J. , & Soto‐Adames, F. N. (2005). Separating the effects of forest type and elevation on the diversity of litter invertebrate communities in a humid tropical forest in Puerto Rico. Journal of Animal Ecology, 74(5), 926–936. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2656.2005.00990.x DOI
Robinson, R. M. , & Williams, M. R. (2011). FORESTCHECK: The response of epigeous macrofungi to silviculture in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest. Australian Forestry, 74(4), 288–302. doi:10.1080/00049158.2011.10676373 DOI
Robles, C. A. , Carmaran, C. C. , & Lopez, S. E. (2011). Screening of xylophagous fungi associated with Platanus acerifolia in urban landscapes: Biodiversity and potential biodeterioration. Landscape and Urban Planning, 100(1–2), 129–135. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.12.003 DOI
Rodrigues, M. M. , Uchoa, M. A. , & Ide, S. (2013). Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in three landscapes in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 73(1), 211–220. PubMed
Römbke, J. , Schmidt, P. , & Höfer, H. (2009). The earthworm fauna of regenerating forests and anthropogenic habitats in the coastal region of Paraná. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 44(8), 1040–1049. doi:10.1590/s0100‐204x2009000800037 DOI
Romero‐Duque, L. P. , Jaramillo, V. J. , & Perez‐Jimenez, A. (2007). Structure and diversity of secondary tropical dry forests in Mexico, differing in their prior land‐use history. Forest Ecology and Management, 253(1–3), 38–47. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.002 DOI
Rös, M. , Escobar, F. , & Halffter, G. (2012). How dung beetles respond to a human‐modified variegated landscape in Mexican cloud forest: A study of biodiversity integrating ecological and biogeographical perspectives. Diversity and Distributions, 18(4), 377–389. doi:10.1111/j.1472‐4642.2011.00834.x DOI
Roskov, Y. , Kunz, T. , Paglinawan, L. , Orrell, T. , Nicolson, D. , Culham, A. , … De Wever, A . (2013) Species 2000 & Catalogue of Life, 2013 Annual Checklist. http://catalogueoife.org/annual-checklist/2013/
Rosselli, L . (2011). Factores ambientales relacionados con la presencia y abundancia de las aves de los humedales de la Sabana de Bogotá. PhD thesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Roth, D. S. , Perfecto, I. , & Rathcke, B. (1994). The effects of management systems on ground‐foraging ant diversity in Costa Rica. Ecological Applications, 4(3), 423–436. doi:10.2307/1941947 DOI
Rousseau, G. , Deheuvels, O. , Rodriguez Arias, I. , & Somarriba, E. (2012). Indicating soil quality in cacao‐based agroforestry systems and old‐growth forests: The potential of soil macrofauna assemblage. Ecological Indicators, 23, 535–543. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.05.008 DOI
Rousseau, L. , Fonte, S. J. , Tellez, O. , van der Hoek, R. , & Lavelle, P. (2013). Soil macrofauna as indicators of soil quality and land use impacts in smallholder agroecosystems of western Nicaragua. Ecological Indicators, 27, 71–82. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.11.020 DOI
Rubio, A. V. , & Simonetti, J. A. (2011). Lizard assemblages in a fragmented landscape of central Chile. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 57(1), 195–199. doi:10.1007/s10344‐010‐0434‐5 DOI
Safian, S. , Csontos, G. , & Winkler, D. (2011). Butterfly community recovery in degraded rainforest habitats in the Upper Guinean Forest Zone (Kakum forest, Ghana). Journal of Insect Conservation, 15(1–2), 351–359. doi:10.1007/s10841‐010‐9343‐x DOI
Sakchoowong, W. , Nomura, S. , Ogata, K. , & Chanpaisaeng, J. (2008). Diversity of pselaphine beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) in eastern Thailand. Entomological Science, 11(3), 301–313. doi:10.1111/j.1479‐8298.2008.00281.x DOI
Saldaña‐Vázquez, R. A. , Sosa, V. J. , Hernández‐Montero, J. R. , & López‐Barrera, F. (2010). Abundance responses of frugivorous bats (Stenodermatinae) to coffee cultivation and selective logging practices in mountainous central Veracruz, Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19(7), 2111–2124. doi:10.1007/s10531‐010‐9829‐6 DOI
Sam, K. , Koane, B. , Jeppy, S. , & Novotny, V. (2014). Effect of forest fragmentation on bird species richness in Papua New Guinea. Journal of Field Ornithology, 85(2), 152–167. doi:10.1111/jofo.12057 DOI
Samnegård, U. , Persson, A. S. , & Smith, H. G. (2011). Gardens benefit bees and enhance pollination in intensively managed farmland. Biological Conservation, 144(11), 2602–2606. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.07.008 DOI
Santana, J. , Porto, M. , Gordinho, L. , Reino, L. , & Beja, P. (2012). Long‐term responses of Mediterranean birds to forest fuel management. Journal of Applied Ecology, 49(3), 632–643. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2664.2012.02141.x DOI
de Sassi, C. , Lewis, O. T. , & Tylianakis, J. M. (2012). Plant‐mediated and nonadditive effects of two global change drivers on an insect herbivore community. Ecology, 93(8), 1892–1901. doi:10.1890/11‐1839.1 PubMed DOI
Savage, J. , Wheeler, T. A. , Moores, A. M. A. , & Taillefer, A. G. (2011). Effects of habitat size, vegetation cover, and surrounding land use on Diptera diversity in temperate nearctic bogs. Wetlands, 31(1), 125–134. doi:10.1007/s13157‐010‐0133‐8 DOI
Schilthuizen, M. , Liew, T. S. , Bin Elahan, B. , & Lackman‐Ancrenaz, I. (2005). Effects of karst forest degradation on pulmonate and prosobranch land snail communities in Sabah. Malaysian Borneo. Conservation Biology, 19(3), 949–954. doi:10.1111/j.1523‐1739.2005.00209.x DOI
Schmidt, A. C. , Fraser, L. H. , Carlyle, C. N. , & Bassett, E. R. L. (2012). Does cattle grazing affect ant abundance and diversity in temperate grasslands? Rangeland Ecology & Management, 65(3), 292–298. doi:10.2111/rem‐d‐11-00100.1 DOI
Schmitt, C. B. , Senbeta, F. , Denich, M. , Preisinger, H. , & Boehmer, H. J. (2010). Wild coffee management and plant diversity in the montane rainforest of southwestern Ethiopia. African Journal of Ecology, 48(1), 78–86. doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2028.2009.01084.x DOI
Scholes, R. J. , & Biggs, R. (2005). A biodiversity intactness index. Nature, 434(7029), 45–49. doi:10.1038/nature03289 PubMed DOI
Schon, N. L. , Mackay, A. D. , & Minor, M. A. (2011). Soil fauna in sheep‐grazed hill pastures under organic and conventional livestock management and in an adjacent ungrazed pasture. Pedobiologia, 54(3), 161–168. doi:10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001 DOI
Schon, N. L. , Mackay, A. D. , Minor, M. A. , Yeates, G. W. , & Hedley, M. J. (2008). Soil fauna in grazed New Zealand hill country pastures at two management intensities. Applied Soil Ecology, 40(2), 218–228. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.04.007 DOI
Schon, N. L. , Mackay, A. D. , Yeates, G. W. , & Minor, M. A. (2010). Separating the effects of defoliation and dairy cow treading pressure on the abundance and diversity of soil invertebrates in pastures. Applied Soil Ecology, 46(2), 209–221. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.08.011 DOI
Schüepp, C. , Herrmann, J. D. , Herzog, F. , & Schmidt‐Entling, M. H. (2011). Differential effects of habitat isolation and landscape composition on wasps, bees, and their enemies. Oecologia, 165(3), 713–721. doi:10.1007/s00442‐010‐1746‐6 PubMed DOI
Schüepp, C. , Rittiner, S. , & Entling, M. H. (2012). High bee and wasp diversity in a heterogeneous tropical farming system compared to protected forest. PLoS One, 7(12), e52109. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052109 PubMed DOI PMC
Schumann, K. , Wittig, R. , Thiombiano, A. , Becker, U. , & Hahn, K. (2011). Impact of land‐use type and harvesting on population structure of a non‐timber forest product‐providing tree in a semi‐arid savanna, West Africa. Biological Conservation, 144(9), 2369–2376. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.018 DOI
Scott, D. M. , Brown, D. , Mahood, S. , Denton, B. , Silburn, A. , & Rakotondraparany, F. (2006). The impacts of forest clearance on lizard, small mammal and bird communities in the arid spiny forest, southern Madagascar. Biological Conservation, 127(1), 72–87. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.07.014 DOI
Scott, K. A. , Setterfield, S. A. , Douglas, M. M. , & Andersen, A. N. (2010). Fire tolerance of perennial grass tussocks in a savanna woodland. Austral Ecology, 35(8), 858–861. doi:10.1111/j.1442‐9993.2009.02091.x DOI
Sedlock, J. L. , Weyandt, S. E. , Cororan, L. , Damerow, M. , Hwa, S. , & Pauli, B. (2008). Bat diversity in tropical forest and agro‐pastoral habitats within a protected area in the Philippines. Acta Chiropterologica, 10(2), 349–358. doi:10.3161/150811008x414926 DOI
Shafie, N. J. , Sah, S. A. M. , Latip, N. S. A. , Azman, N. M. , & Khairuddin, N. L. (2011). Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 22(2), 13–22. PubMed PMC
Shahabuddin, G. , & Kumar, R. (2006). Influence of anthropogenic disturbance on birds of tropical dry forest: The role of vegetation structure. Animal Conservation, 9(4), 404–413. doi:10.1111/j.1469‐1795.2006.00051.x DOI
Shahabuddin, G. , & Kumar, R. (2007). Effects of extractive disturbance on bird assemblages, vegetation structure and floristics in tropical scrub forest, Sariska Tiger Reserve, India. Forest Ecology and Management, 246(2–3), 175–185. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.061 DOI
Shannon, G. , Druce, D. J. , Page, B. R. , Eckhardt, H. C. , Grant, R. , & Slotow, R. (2008). The utilization of large savanna trees by elephant in southern Kruger National Park. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 24, 281–289. doi:10.1017/s0266467408004951 DOI
Sheil, D. , Puri, R. K. , Basuki, I. , van Heist, M. , Wan, M. , Liswanti, N. , … Wijaya, A. (2002). Exploring biological diversity, environment and local people's perspectives in forest landscapes: Methods for a multidisciplinary landscape assessment. Technical report, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jakarta, Indonesia.
Sheldon, F. , Styring, A. , & Hosner, P. (2010). Bird species richness in a Bornean exotic tree plantation: A long‐term perspective. Biological Conservation, 143(2), 399–407. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.004 DOI
Shochat, E. , Stefanov, W. L. , Whitehouse, M. E. A. , & Faeth, S. H. (2004). Urbanization and spider diversity: Influences of human modification of habitat structure and productivity. Ecological Applications, 14(1), 268–280. doi:10.1890/02‐5341 DOI
Shuler, R. E. , Roulston, T. H. , & Farris, G. E. (2005). Farming practices influence wild pollinator populations on squash and pumpkin. Journal of Economic Entomology, 98(3), 790–795. doi:10.1603/0022‐0493‐98.3.790 PubMed DOI
Siebert, S. J. (2011). Patterns of plant species richness of temperate and tropical grassland in South Africa. Plant Ecology and Evolution, 144(3), 249–254. doi:10.5091/plecevo.2011.501 DOI
da Silva, P. G . (2011) Espécies de Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) de fragmentos florestais com diferentes níveis de alteração em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. MSc thesis, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
Silva, F. A. B. , Costa, C. M. Q. , Moura, R. C. , & Farias, A. I. (2010). Study of the dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) community at two sites: Atlantic forest and clear‐cut, Pernambuco, Brazil. Environmental Entomology, 39(2), 359–367. doi:10.1603/en09180 PubMed DOI
Simkin, S. M. , Allen, E. B. , Bowman, W. D. , Clark, C. M. , Belnap, J. , Brooks, … Waller, D. M . (2016). Conditional vulnerability of plant diversity to atmospheric nitrogen deposition across the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(15), 4086–4091. doi:10.1073/pnas.1515241113 PubMed DOI PMC
Slade, E. M. , Mann, D. J. , & Lewis, O. T. (2011). Biodiversity and ecosystem function of tropical forest dung beetles under contrasting logging regimes. Biological Conservation, 144(1), 166–174. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.08.011 DOI
Smith, J . (2006). Arable field margins increase soil macroinvertebrate biodiversity in agroecosystems. PhD thesis, University of Reading, Reading, U.K.
Smith, J. , Potts, S. , & Eggleton, P. (2008). Evaluating the effciency of sampling methods in assessing soil macrofauna communities in arable systems. European Journal of Soil Biology, 44(3), 271–276. doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.02.002 DOI
Smith, J. , Potts, S. G. , Woodcock, B. A. , & Eggleton, P. (2008). Can arable field margins be managed to enhance their biodiversity, conservation and functional value for soil macrofauna? Journal of Applied Ecology, 45(1), 269–278. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01433.x DOI
Smith‐Pardo, A. , & Gonzalez, V. H . (2007) Diversidad de abejas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) en estados sucesionales del bosque humedo tropical. Acta Biológica Colombiana, 12 (1), 43–55.
Sodhi, N. S. , Wilcove, D. S. , Lee, T. M. , Şekercioğlu, C. H. , Subaraj, R. , Bernard, H. , … Brook, B. W. (2010) Deforestation and avian extinction on tropical landbridge islands. Conservation Biology, 24 (5), 1290–1298. doi:10.1111/j.1523‐1739.2010.01495.x PubMed DOI
Soh, M. C. K. , Sodhi, N. S. , & Lim, S. L. H. (2006). High sensitivity of montane bird communities to habitat disturbance in Peninsular Malaysia. Biological Conservation, 129(2), 149–166. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.030 DOI
Sosa, R. A. , Benz, V. A. , Galea, J. M. , & Poggio Herrero, I. V . (2010) Efecto del grado de disturbio sobre el ensamble de aves en la reserva provincial Parque Luro, La Pampa, Argentina. Revista de la Asociación Argentina de Ecología de Paisajes, 1 (1), 101–110.
de Souza, V. M. , de Souza, B. , & Morato, E. F. (2008). Effect of the forest succession on the anurans (Amphibia: Anura) of the Reserve Catuaba and its periphery, Acre, southwestern Amazonia. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25(1), 49–57.
Sridhar, H. , Raman, T. R. S. , & Mudappa, D. (2008). Mammal persistence and abundance in tropical rainforest remnants in the southern Western Ghats, India. Current Science, 94(6), 748–757.
Steffen, W. , Richardson, K. , Rockström, J. , Cornell, S. E. , Fetzer, I. , Bennett, E. M. , … Sörlin, S. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223), 1259855. doi:10.1126/science.1259855 PubMed DOI
St‐Laurent, M. H. , Ferron, J. , Hins, C. , & Gagnon, R. (2007). Effects of stand structure and landscape characteristics on habitat use by birds and small mammals in managed boreal forest of eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research‐Revue Canadienne de Recherche Forestiere, 37(8), 1298–1309. doi:10.1139/xo6‐295 DOI
Stouffer, P. C. , Johnson, E. I. , Bierregaard, J. , Richard, O. , & Lovejoy, T. E. (2011). Understory bird communities in Amazonian rainforest fragments: Species turnover through 25 years post‐isolation in recovering landscapes. PLoS One, 6(6), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020543 PubMed DOI PMC
Strauch, A. M. , & Eby, S. (2012). The influence of fire frequency on the abundance of Maerua subcordata in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Journal of Plant Ecology, 5(4), 400–406. doi:10.1093/jpe/rts008 DOI
Ström, L. , Hylander, K. , & Dynesius, M. (2009). Different long‐term and short‐term responses of land snails to clear‐cutting of boreal stream‐side forests. Biological Conservation, 142(8), 1580–1587. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.028 DOI
Struebig, M. J. , Kingston, T. , Zubaid, A. , Mohd‐Adnan, A. , & Rossiter, S. J. (2008). Conservation value of forest fragments to Palaeotropical bats. Biological Conservation, 141(8), 2112–2126. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.06.009 DOI
Su, Z. M. , Zhang, R. Z. , & Qiu, J. X. (2011). Decline in the diversity of willow trunk‐dwelling weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) as a result of urban expansion in Beijing, China. Journal of Insect Conservation, 15(3), 367–377. doi:10.1007/s10841‐010‐9310‐6 DOI
Suarez‐Rubio, M. , & Thomlinson, J. R. (2009). Landscape and patch‐level factors influence bird communities in an urbanized tropical island. Biological Conservation, 142(7), 1311–1321. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.035 DOI
Sugiura, S. , Tsuru, T. , Yamaura, Y. , & Makihara, H. (2009). Small off‐shore islands can serve as important refuges for endemic beetle conservation. Journal of Insect Conservation, 13(4), 377–385. doi:10.1007/s10841‐008‐9185‐y DOI
Summerville, K. S. (2011). Managing the forest for more than the trees: Effects of experimental timber harvest on forest Lepidoptera. Ecological Applications, 21(3), 806–816. doi:10.1890/10‐0715.1 PubMed DOI
Summerville, K. S. , Conoan, C. J. , & Steichen, R. M. (2006). Species traits as predictors of lepidopteran composition in restored and remnant tallgrass prairies. Ecological Applications, 16(3), 891–900. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0891:stapol]2.0.co;2 PubMed DOI
Summerville, K. S. , & Crist, T. O. (2002). Effects of timber harvest on forest Lepidoptera: Community, guild and species responses. Ecological Applications, 12(3), 820–835. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0820:eothof]2.0.co;2 DOI
Sung, Y. H. , Karraker, N. E. , & Hau, B. C. H. (2012). Terrestrial herpetofaunal assemblages in secondary forests and exotic Lophostemon confertus plantations in South China. Forest Ecology and Management, 270, 71–77. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.01.011 DOI
Sutrisno, H. (2010). The impact of human activities to dynamic of insect communities: A case study in Gunung Salak, West Java. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 17(4), 161–166. doi:10.4308/hjb.17.4.161 DOI
Svenning, J. C. (1998). The effect of land‐use on the local distribution of palm species in an Andean rain forest fragment in northwestern Ecuador. Biodiversity and Conservation, 7(12), 1529–1537. doi:10.1023/a:1008831600795 DOI
The BioTIME Research Group (2016). The BioTIME database. http://synergy.st-andrews.ac.uk/biotime/
The Nature Conservancy (2009). Terrestrial ecoregions of the world. http://maps.tnc.org/gis.data.html
Theoharides, K. A. , & Dukes, J. S. (2007). Plant invasion across space and time: Factors affecting nonindigenous species success during four stages of invasion. New Phytologist, 176(2), 256–273. doi:10.1111/j.1469‐8137.2007.02207.x PubMed DOI
Thibault, K. M. , Supp, S. R. , Giffin, M. , White, E. P. , & Ernest, S. K. M. (2011). Species composition and abundance of mammalian communities. Ecology, 92(2316), 2316. doi:10.1890/11‐0262.1. DOI
de Thoisy, B. , Richard‐Hansen, C. , Goguillon, B. , Joubert, P. , Obstancias, J. , Winterton, P. , & Brosse, S. (2010). Rapid evaluation of threats to biodiversity: Human footprint score and large vertebrate species responses in French Guiana. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19(6), 1567–1584. doi:10.1007/s10531‐010‐9787‐z DOI
Threlfall, C. G. , Law, B. , & Banks, P. B. (2012). Sensitivity of insectivorous bats to urbanization: Implications for suburban conservation planning. Biological Conservation, 146(1), 41–52. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.026 DOI
Tittensor, D. P. , Walpole, M. , Hill, S. L. , Boyce, D. G. , Britten, G. L. , Burgess, N. D. , … Ye, Y. (2014). A mid‐term analysis of progress toward international biodiversity targets. Science, 346(6206), 241–244. doi:10.1126/science.1257484 PubMed DOI
Todd, J. H. , Malone, L. A. , McArdle, B. H. , Benge, J. , Poulton, J. , Thorpe, S. , & Beggs, J. R. (2011). Invertebrate community richness in New Zealand kiwifruit orchards under organic or integrated pest management. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 141(1–2), 32–38. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2011.02.007 DOI
Tonietto, R. , Fant, J. , Ascher, J. , Ellis, K. , & Larkin, D. (2011). A comparison of bee communities of Chicago green roofs, parks and prairies. Landscape and Urban Planning, 103(1), 102–108. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.07.004 DOI
Torre, I. , Bros, V. , & Santos, X. (2014). Assessing the impact of reforestation on the diversity of Mediterranean terrestrial Gastropoda. Biodiversity and Conservation, 23(10), 2579–2589. doi:10.1007/s10531‐014‐0740‐4 DOI
Travis, J. M. J. (2003). Climate change and habitat destruction: A deadly anthropogenic cocktail. Proceedings of the Royal Society B – Biological Sciences, 270(1514), 467–473. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2246 PubMed DOI PMC
Tuck, S. L. , Phillips, H. R. P. , Hintzen, R. E. , Scharlemann, J. P. W. , Purvis, A. , & Hudson, L. N. (2014). MODISTools‐downloading and processing MODIS remotely sensed data in R. Ecology and Evolution, 4(24), 4658–4668. doi:10.1002/ece3.1273 PubMed DOI PMC
Turner, E. C. , & Foster, W. A. (2009). The impact of forest conversion to oil palm on arthropod abundance and biomass in Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 25, 23–30. doi:10.1017/s0266467408005658 DOI
Tylianakis, J. M. , Klein, A. M. , & Tscharntke, T. (2005). Spatiotemporal variation in the diversity of hymenoptera across a tropical habitat gradient. Ecology, 86(12), 3296–3302. doi:10.1890/05‐0371 PubMed DOI
Uehara‐Prado, M. (2005). Effects of land use on ant species composition and diaspore removal in exotic grasslands in the Brazilian Pantanal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 45(3), 915–923.
Uehara‐Prado, M. , Brown, K. S. Jr., & Lucci Freitas, A. V. (2007). Species richness, composition and abundance of fruit‐feeding butterflies in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Comparison between a fragmented and a continuous landscape. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 16(1), 43–54. doi:10.1111/j.1466‐822x.2006.00267.x DOI
Uehara‐Prado, M. , Fernandes, J. D. , Bello, A. D. , Machado, G. , Santos, A. J. , Vaz‐de‐Mello, F. Z. , & Freitas, A. V. L. (2009). Selecting terrestrial arthropods as indicators of small‐scale disturbance: A first approach in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Biological Conservation, 142(6), 1220–1228. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.01.008 DOI
Urbina‐Cardona, J. N. , Londoño‐Murcia, M. C. , & García‐Ávila, D. G. (2008). Spatio‐temporal dymanics of snake diversity in four habitats with different degrees of anthropogenic disturbance in the Gorgona Island National Natural Park in the Colombian Pacific. Caldasia, 30(2), 479–493.
Urbina‐Cardona, J. N. , Olivares‐Perez, M. , & Reynoso, V. H. (2006). Herpetofauna diversity and microenvironment correlates across a pasture‐edge‐interior ecotone in tropical rainforest fragments in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve of Veracruz, Mexico. Biological Conservation, 132(1), 61–75. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.03.014 DOI
Vallan, D. (2002). Effects of anthropogenic environmental changes on amphibian diversity in the rain forests of eastern Madagascar. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 18, 725–742. doi:10.1017/s026646740200247x DOI
Vanbergen, A. J. , Woodcock, B. A. , Watt, A. D. , & Niemela, J. (2005). Effect of land‐use heterogeneity on carabid communities at the landscape scale. Ecography, 28(1), 3–16. doi:10.1111/j.0906‐7590.2005.03991.x DOI
VanDerWal, J. , Shoo, L. P. , Johnson, C. N. , & Williams, S. E. (2009). Abundance and the environmental niche: Environmental suitability estimated from niche models predicts the upper limit of local abundance. The American Naturalist, 174(2), 282–291. doi:10.1086/600087 PubMed DOI
Vasconcelos, H. L. (1999). Effects of forest disturbance on the structure of ground‐foraging ant communities in central Amazonia. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8(3), 409–420.
Vasconcelos, H. L. , Pacheco, R. , Silva, R. C. , Vasconcelos, P. B. , Lopes, C. T. , Costa, A. N. , & Bruna, E. M. (2009). Dynamics of the leaf‐litter arthropod fauna following fire in a neotropical woodland savanna. PLoS One, 4(11), 9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007762 PubMed DOI PMC
Vasconcelos, H. L. , Vilhena, J. M. S. , & Caliri, G. J. A. (2000). Responses of ants to selective logging of a central Amazonian forest. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37(3), 508–514. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00512.x DOI
Vassilev, K. , Pedashenko, H. , Nikolov, S. C. , Apostolova, I. , & Dengler, J. (2011). Effect of land abandonment on the vegetation of upland semi‐natural grasslands in the Western Balkan Mts., Bulgaria. Plant Biosystems, 145(3), 654–665. doi:10.1080/11263504.2011.601337 DOI
Vellend, M. , Baeten, L. , Myers‐Smith, I. H. , Elmendorf, S. C. , Beauséjour, R. , Brown, C. D. , … Wipf, S. (2013). Global meta‐analysis reveals no net change in local‐scale plant biodiversity over time. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(48), 19456–19459. doi:10.1073/pnas.1312779110 PubMed DOI PMC
Verboven, H. A. F. , Brys, R. , & Hermy, M. (2012). Sex in the city: Reproductive success of Digitalis purpurea in a gradient from urban to rural sites. Landscape and Urban Planning, 106(2), 158–164. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.02.015 DOI
Verdasca, M. J. , Leitao, A. S. , Santana, J. , Porto, M. , Dias, S. , & Beja, P. (2012). Forest fuel management as a conservation tool for early successional species under agricultural abandonment: The case of Mediterranean butterflies. Biological Conservation, 146(1), 14–23. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.10.031 DOI
Verdú, J. R. , Moreno, C. E. , Sánchez‐Rojas, G. , Numa, C. , Galante, E. , & Halffter, G. (2007). Grazing promotes dung beetle diversity in the xeric landscape of a Mexican Biosphere Reserve. Biological Conservation, 140(3–4), 308–317. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.015 DOI
Vergara, C. H. , & Badano, E. I. (2009). Pollinator diversity increases fruit production in Mexican coffee plantations: The importance of rustic management systems. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 129(1–3), 117–123. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2008.08.001 DOI
Vergara, P. M. , & Simonetti, J. A. (2004). Avian responses to fragmentation of the Maulino Forest in central Chile. Oryx, 38(4), 383–388. doi:10.1017/s0030605304000742 DOI
Verhulst, J. , Báldi, A. , & Kleijn, D. (2004). Relationship between land‐use intensity and species richness and abundance of birds in Hungary. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 104(3), 465–473. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.043 DOI
Virgilio, M. , Backeljau, T. , Emeleme, R. , Juakali, J. , & De Meyer, M. (2011). A quantitative comparison of frugivorous tephritids (Diptera: Tephritidae) in tropical forests and rural areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 101(5), 591–597. doi:10.1017/s0007485311000216 PubMed DOI
Visconti, P. , Bakkenes, M. , Baisero, D. , Brooks, T. , Butchart, S. H. , Joppa, L. , … Rondinini, C. (2015). Projecting global biodiversity indicators under future development scenarios. Conservation Letters, 9(1), 5–13. doi:10.1111/conl.12159 DOI
Vu, L. V . (2005) Unpublished data of diversity and similarity of butterfly communities in five different habitat types at Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam.
Vu, L. V. (2009). Diversity and similarity of butterfly communities in five different habitat types at Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam. Journal of Zoology, 277(1), 15–22. doi:10.1111/j.1469‐7998.2008.00498.x DOI
Waite, E. M . (2012) The role of large, isolated trees in supporting urban biodiversity. PhD thesis, University of Otago, New Zealand, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Waite, E. M. , Closs, G. , Van Heezik, Y. , Berry, C. , & Dickinson, K. (2012). Arboreal arthropod sampling methods for urban trees. Journal of Insect Conservation, 16(6), 931–939. doi:10.1007/s10841‐012‐9480‐5 DOI
Waite, E. , Closs, G. P. , van Heezik, Y. , & Dickinson, K. J. M. (2013). Resource availability and foraging of Silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis) in urban trees. Emu, 113(1), 26–32. doi:10.1071/mu11093 DOI
Walker, T. R. , Crittenden, P. D. , Young, S. D. , & Prystina, T. (2006). An assessment of pollution impacts due to the oil and gas industries in the Pechora basin, north‐eastern European Russia. Ecological Indicators, 6, 369–387. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.03.015 DOI
Walker, S. , Wilson, D. J. , Norbury, G. , Monks, A. , & Tanentzap, A. J. (2014). Complementarity of indigenous flora in shrublands and grasslands in a New Zealand dryland landscape. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 38(2), 230–241.
Wang, Y. , Bao, Y. , Yu, M. , Xu, G. , & Ding, P. (2010). Nestedness for different reasons: The distributions of birds, lizards and small mammals on islands of an inundated lake. Diversity and Distributions, 16(5), 862–873. doi:10.1111/j.1472‐4642.2010.00682.x DOI
Wang, H. F. , Lencinas, M. V. , Ross Friedman, C. , Wang, X. K. , & Qiu, J. X. (2011). Understory plant diversity assessment of Eucalyptus plantations over three vegetation types in Yunnan, China. New Forests, 42(1), 101–116. doi:10.1007/s11056‐010‐9240‐x DOI
Watling, J. I. , Gerow, K. , & Donnelly, M. A. (2009). Nested species subsets of amphibians and reptiles on Neotropical forest islands. Animal Conservation, 12(5), 467–476. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00274.x DOI
Weller, B. , & Ganzhorn, J. U. (2004). Carabid beetle community composition, body size, and fluctuating asymmetry along an urban‐rural gradient. Basic and Applied Ecology, 5(2), 193–201. doi:10.1078/1439‐1791‐00220 DOI
Wells, K. , Kalko, E. K. V. , Lakim, M. B. , & Pfeiffer, M. (2007). Effects of rain forest logging on species richness and assemblage composition of small mammals in Southeast Asia. Journal of Biogeography, 34(6), 1087–1099. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01677.x DOI
Wiafe, E. D. , & Amfo‐Otu, R. (2012). Forest duiker (Cephalophus spp.) abundance and hunting activities in the Kakum conservation area, Ghana. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 4(4), 114–118. doi:10.5897/jene11.144 DOI
Williams, C. D. , Sheahan, J. , & Gormally, M. J. (2009). Hydrology and management of turloughs (temporary lakes) affect marsh fly (Sciomyzidae: Diptera) communities. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2(4), 270–283. doi:10.1111/j.1752-4598.2009.00064.x DOI
Willig, M. R. , Presley, S. J. , Bloch, C. P. , Hice, C. L. , Yanoviak, S. P. , Diaz, M. M. , … Weaver, S. C. (2007). Phyllostomid bats of lowland Amazonia: Effects of habitat alteration on abundance. Biotropica, 39(6), 737–746. doi:10.1111/j.1744‐7429.2007.00322.x DOI
Wilman, H. , Belmaker, J. , Simpson, J. , de la Rosa, C. , Rivadeneira, M. M. , & Jetz, W. (2014). EltonTraits 1.0: Species‐level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology, 95(7), 2027. doi:10.1890/13‐1917.1 DOI
Winfree, R. , Griswold, T. , & Kremen, C. (2007). Effect of human disturbance on bee communities in a forested ecosystem. Conservation Biology, 21(1), 213–223. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00574.x PubMed DOI
Woinarski, J. C. Z. , & Ash, A. J. (2002). Responses of vertebrates to pastoralism, military land use and landscape position in an Australian tropical savanna. Austral Ecology, 27(3), 311–323. doi:10.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01182.x DOI
Woinarski, J. C. Z. , Rankmore, B. , Hill, B. , Griffiths, A. D. , Stewart, A. , & Grace, B. (2009). Fauna assemblages in regrowth vegetation in tropical open forests of the Northern Territory, Australia. Wildlife Research, 36(8), 675–690. doi:10.1071/wr08128 DOI
Woodcock, B. A. , Potts, S. G. , Pilgrim, E. , Ramsay, A. J. , Tscheulin, T. , Parkinson, A. , … Tallowin, J. R. (2007). The potential of grass field margin management for enhancing beetle diversity in intensive livestock farms. Journal of Applied Ecology, 44(1), 60–69. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01258.x DOI
Wronski, T. , Gilbert, K. , Long, E. , Micha, B. , Quinn, R. , & Hausdorf, B. (2014). Species richness and meta‐community structure of land snails along an altitudinal gradient on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 80, 161–168. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyu008 DOI
Wu, J. H. , Fu, C. Z. , Chen, S. S. , & Chen, J. K. (2002). Soil faunal response to land use: Effect of estuarine tideland reclamation on nematode communities. Applied Soil Ecology, 21(2), 131–147. doi:10.1016/s0929‐1393(02)00065‐3 DOI
Wunderle, J. M. , Henriques, L. M. P. , & Willig, M. R. (2006). Short‐term responses of birds to forest gaps and understory: An assessment of reduced‐impact logging in a lowland Amazon forest. Biotropica, 38(2), 235–255. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00138.x DOI
WWF International (2014) Living Planet Report. p. 180.
Yamaura, Y. , Royle, J. A. , Shimada, N. , Asanuma, S. , Sato, T. , Taki, H. , & Makino, S. (2012). Biodiversity of man‐made open habitats in an underused country: A class of multispecies abundance models for count data. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(6), 1365–1380. doi:10.1007/s10531‐012‐0244‐z DOI
Yoshikura, S. , Yasui, S. , & Kamijo, T. (2011). Comparative study of forest‐dwelling bats’ abundances and species richness between old‐growth forests and conifer plantations in Nikko National Park, central Japan. Mammal Study, 36(4), 189–198. doi:10.3106/041.036.0402 DOI
Zaitsev, A. S. , Chauvat, M. , Pug, A. , & Wolters, V. (2002). Oribatid mite diversity and community dynamics in a spruce chronosequence. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 34(12), 1919–1927. doi:10.1016/s0038‐0717(02)00208‐0 DOI
Zaitsev, A. S. , Wolters, V. , Waldhardt, R. , & Dauber, J. (2006). Long‐term succession of oribatid mites after conversion of croplands to grasslands. Applied Soil Ecology, 34(2–3), 230–239. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.01.005 DOI
Zeidler, J. , Hanrahan, S. , & Scholes, M. (2002). Land‐use intensity affects range condition in arid to semi‐arid Namibia. Journal of Arid Environments, 52(3), 389–403. doi:10.1006/jare.2002.0990 DOI
Zhang, J. N. , Li, Q. , & Liang, W. J. (2010). Effect of acetochlor and carbofuran on soil nematode communities in a Chinese soybean field. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(20), 2787–2794.
Zimmerman, G. , Bell, F. W. , Woodcock, J. , Palmer, A. , & Paloniemi, J. (2011). Response of breeding songbirds to vegetation management in conifer plantations established in boreal mixedwoods. The Forestry Chronicle, 87(2), 217–224.
The impact of land use on non-native species incidence and number in local assemblages worldwide
Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties
Effects of land-use change and related pressures on alien and native subsets of island communities
