Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are a range of malformations of cortical development each with specific histopathological features. Conventional radiological assessment of standard structural MRI is useful for the localization of lesions but is unable to accurately predict the histopathological features. Quantitative MRI offers the possibility to probe tissue biophysical properties in vivo and may bridge the gap between radiological assessment and ex-vivo histology. This review will cover histological, genetic and radiological features of FCD following the ILAE classification and will explain how quantitative voxel- and surface-based techniques can characterise these features. We will provide an overview of the quantitative MRI measures available, their link with biophysical properties and finally the potential application of quantitative MRI to the problem of FCD subtyping. Future research linking quantitative MRI to FCD histological properties should improve clinical protocols, allow better characterisation of lesions in vivo and tailored surgical planning to the individual.

Department of Radiology Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London UK

Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London UK

Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital Prague Czech Republic; 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Developmental Neurosciences UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London UK

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The benefit of the diffusion kurtosis imaging in presurgical evaluation in patients with focal MR-negative epilepsy

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