Neurotransmitter receptors as signaling platforms in anterior pituitary cells
Language English Country Ireland Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review
Grant support
ZIA HD000195
Intramural NIH HHS - United States
ZIA HD000195-24
Intramural NIH HHS - United States
PubMed
28684290
PubMed Central
PMC5752632
DOI
10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.003
PII: S0303-7207(17)30357-X
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- Action potentials, Calcium signaling, G protein-coupled receptors, Hormone secretion, Ligand-gated receptor channels, Neurotransmitters, Pituitary,
- MeSH
- Cell Lineage MeSH
- Pituitary Hormones, Anterior metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Ligands MeSH
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter metabolism MeSH
- Signal Transduction * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Pituitary Hormones, Anterior MeSH
- Ligands MeSH
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter MeSH
The functions of anterior pituitary cells are controlled by two major groups of hypothalamic and intrapituitary ligands: one exclusively acts on G protein-coupled receptors and the other activates both G protein-coupled receptors and ligand-gated receptor channels. The second group of ligands operates as neurotransmitters in neuronal cells and their receptors are termed as neurotransmitter receptors. Most information about pituitary neurotransmitter receptors was obtained from secretory studies, RT-PCR analyses of mRNA expression and immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses, all of which were performed using a mixed population of pituitary cells. However, recent electrophysiological and imaging experiments have characterized γ-aminobutyric acid-, acetylcholine-, and ATP-activated receptors and channels in single pituitary cell types, expanding this picture and revealing surprising differences in their expression between subtypes of secretory cells and between native and immortalized pituitary cells. The main focus of this review is on the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of these receptors and their roles in calcium signaling and calcium-controlled hormone secretion.
See more in PubMed
Abbracchio MP, Burnstock G, Verkhratsky A, Zimmermann H. Purinergic signalling in the nervous system: an overview. Trends Neurosci. 2009;32:19–29. PubMed
Acs Z, Szabo B, Kapocs G, Makara GB. gamma-Aminobutyric acid stimulates pituitary growth hormone secretion in the neonatal rat. A superfusion study. Endocrinology. 1987;120:1790–1798. PubMed
Afione S, Debeljuk L, Seilicovich A, Pisera D, Lasaga M, Diaz MC, Duvilanski B. Substance P affects the GABAergic system in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. Peptides. 1990;11:1065–1068. PubMed
Aguilar E, Tena-Sempere M, Pinilla L. Role of excitatory amino acids in the control of growth hormone secretion. Endocrine. 2005;28:295–302. PubMed
Akiyama K, Vickroy TW, Watson M, Roeske WR, Reisine TD, Smith TL, Yamamura HI. Muscarinic cholinergic ligand binding to intact mouse pituitary tumor cells (AtT-20/D16-16) coupling with two biochemical effectors: adenylate cyclase and phosphatidylinositol turnover. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1986;236:653–661. PubMed
Alarid ET, Windle JJ, Whyte DB, Mellon PL. Immortalization of pituitary cells at discrete stages of development by directed oncogenesis in transgenic mice. Development. 1996;122:3319–3329. PubMed
Allen-Worthington K, Xie J, Brown JL, Edmunson AM, Dowling A, Navratil AM, Scavelli K, Yoon H, Kim DG, Bynoe MS, Clarke I, Roberson MS. The F0F1 ATP Synthase Complex Localizes to Membrane Rafts in Gonadotrope Cells. Molecular endocrinology. 2016;30:996–1011. PubMed PMC
Alvarez P, Cardinali D, Cano P, Rebollar P, Esquifino A. Prolactin daily rhythm in suckling male rabbits. Journal of circadian rhythms. 2005;3:1. PubMed PMC
Anderson RA, Mitchell R. Distribution of GABA binding site subtypes in rat pituitary gland. Brain research. 1986a;365:78–84. PubMed
Anderson RA, Mitchell R. Effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonists on the secretion of growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone from the rat pituitary gland in vitro. J Endocrinol. 1986b;108:1–8. PubMed
Apud JA, Masotto C, Racagni G. Effect of THIP and SL 76002, two clinically experimented GABA-mimetic compounds, on anterior pituitary GABA receptors and prolactin secretion in the rat. Life sciences. 1987;40:871–881. PubMed
Ashworth R, Hinkle PM. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced intracellular calcium responses in individual rat lactotrophs and thyrotrophs. Endocrinology. 1996;137:5205–5212. PubMed
Baes M, Allaerts W, Denef C. Evidence for functional communication between folliculo-stellate cells and hormone-secreting cells in perifused anterior pituitary cell aggregates. Endocrinology. 1987;120:685–691. PubMed
Belley M, Sullivan R, Reeves A, Evans J, O’Neill G, Ng GY. Synthesis of the nanomolar photoaffinity GABA(B) receptor ligand CGP 71872 reveals diversity in the tissue distribution of GABA(B) receptor forms. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 1999;7:2697–2704. PubMed
Ben-Jonathan N, Hnasko R. Dopamine as a prolactin (PRL) inhibitor. Endocr Rev. 2001;22:724–763. PubMed
Berger UV, Hediger MA. Distribution of the glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 in rat circumventricular organs, meninges, and dorsal root ganglia. The Journal of comparative neurology. 2000;421:385–399. PubMed
Berman JA, Roberts JL, Pritchett DB. Molecular and pharmacological characterization of GABAA receptors in the rat pituitary. Journal of neurochemistry. 1994;63:1948–1954. PubMed
Bettler B, Kaupmann K, Mosbacher J, Gassmann M. Molecular structure and physiological functions of GABA(B) receptors. Physiological reviews. 2004;84:835–867. PubMed
Betz H. Ligand-gated ion channels in the brain: the amino acid receptor superfamily. Neuron. 1990;5:383–392. PubMed
Bhat GK, Mahesh VB, Chu ZW, Chorich LP, Zamorano PL, Brann DW. Localization of the N-methyl-D-aspartate R1 receptor subunit in specific anterior pituitary hormone cell types of the female rat. Neuroendocrinology. 1995;62:178–186. PubMed
Billiard J. Functional heterogeneity of pituitary gonadotropes in response to a variety of neuromodulators. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 1996;123:163–170. PubMed
Boue-Grabot E, Dufy B, Garret M. Molecular diversity of GABA-gated chloride channels in the rat anterior pituitary. Brain research. 1995;704:125–129. PubMed
Boue-Grabot E, Taupignon A, Tramu G, Garret M. Molecular and electrophysiological evidence for a GABAc receptor in thyrotropin-secreting cells. Endocrinology. 2000;141:1627–1632. PubMed
Brake AJ, Wagenbach MJ, Julius D. New structural motif for ligand-gated ion channels defined by an ionotropic ATP receptor. Nature. 1994;371:519–523. PubMed
Brann DW. Glutamate: a major excitatory transmitter in neuroendocrine regulation. Neuroendocrinology. 1995;61:213–225. PubMed
Brann DW, Zamorano PL, Putnam-Roberts CD, Mahesh VB. gamma-Aminobutyric acid-opioid interactions in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the immature female rat. Neuroendocrinology. 1992;56:445–452. PubMed
Budry L, Lafont C, El Yandouzi T, Chauvet N, Conejero G, Drouin J, Mollard P. Related pituitary cell lineages develop into interdigitated 3D cell networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2011;108:12515–12520. PubMed PMC
Buonassisi V, Sato G, Cohen AI. Hormone-producing cultures of adrenal and pituitary tumor origin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1962;48:1184–1190. PubMed PMC
Burt DR, Taylor RL. Muscarinic receptor binding in sheep anterior pituitary. Neuroendocrinology. 1980;30:344–349. PubMed
Caffe AR. Architecture of the mammalian pituitary cholinergic system with observations on a putative blood acetylcholine sensor. Histology and histopathology. 1996;11:537–551. PubMed
Canonico PL, Jarvis WD, Sortino MA, Scapagnini U, MacLeod RM. Cholinergic stimulation of inositol phosphate production in cultured anterior pituitary cells. Neuroendocrinology. 1987;46:306–311. PubMed
Carew MA, Wu ML, Law GJ, Tseng YZ, Mason WT. Extracellular ATP activates calcium entry and mobilization via P2U-purinoceptors in rat lactotrophs. Cell Calcium. 1994;16:227–235. PubMed
Caride A, Fernandez-Perez B, Cabaleiro T, Esquifino AI, Lafuente A. Cadmium exposure disrupts GABA and taurine regulation of prolactin secretion in adult male rats. Toxicology letters. 2009;185:175–179. PubMed
Carmeliet P, Baes M, Denef C. The glucocorticoid hormone dexamethasone reverses the growth hormone-releasing properties of the cholinomimetic carbachol. Endocrinology. 1989a;124:2625–2634. PubMed
Carmeliet P, Denef C. Immunocytochemical and pharmacological evidence for an intrinsic cholinomimetic system modulating prolactin and growth hormone release in rat pituitary. Endocrinology. 1988;123:1128–1139. PubMed
Carmeliet P, Denef C. Synthesis and release of acetylcholine by normal and tumoral pituitary corticotrophs. Endocrinology. 1989;124:2218–2227. PubMed
Carmeliet P, Maertens P, Denef C. Stimulation and inhibition of prolactin release from rat pituitary lactotrophs by the cholinomimetic carbachol in vitro. Influence of hormonal environment and intercellular contacts. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 1989b;63:121–131. PubMed
Caruso C, Bottino MC, Pampillo M, Pisera D, Jaita G, Duvilanski B, Seilicovich A, Lasaga M. Glutamate induces apoptosis in anterior pituitary cells through group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activation. Endocrinology. 2004;145:4677–4684. PubMed
Casanueva F, Apud JA, Masotto C, Cocchi D, Locatelli V, Racagni G, Muller E. Daily fluctuations in the activity of the tuberoinfundibular GABAergic system and plasma prolactin levels. Neuroendocrinology. 1984;39:367–370. PubMed
Caulfield MP, Birdsall NJ. International Union of Pharmacology. XVII. Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Pharmacological reviews. 1998;50:279–290. PubMed
Chen C, Israel JM, Vincent JD. Electrophysiological responses to somatostatin of rat hypophysial cells in somatotroph-enriched primary cultures. J Physiol. 1989;408:493–510. PubMed PMC
Chen ZP, Kratzmeier M, Levy A, McArdle CA, Poch A, Day A, Mukhopadhyay AK, Lightman SL. Evidence for a role of pituitary ATP receptors in the regulation of pituitary function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1995;92:5219–5223. PubMed PMC
Chen ZP, Kratzmeier M, Poch A, Xu S, McArdle CA, Levy A, Mukhopadhyay AK, Lightman SL. Effects of extracellular nucleotides in the pituitary: adenosine triphosphate receptor-mediated intracellular responses in gonadotrope-derived alpha T3-1 cells. Endocrinology. 1996;137:248–256. PubMed
Chen ZP, Levy A, McArdle CA, Lightman SL. Pituitary ATP receptors: characterization and functional localization to gonadotropes. Endocrinology. 1994;135:1280–1283. PubMed
Cheung KK, Chan WY, Burnstock G. Expression of P2X purinoceptors during rat brain development and their inhibitory role on motor axon outgrowth in neural tube explant cultures. Neuroscience. 2005;133:937–945. PubMed
Chung HS, Park KS, Cha SK, Kong ID, Lee JW. ATP-induced [Ca(2+)](i) changes and depolarization in GH3 cells. British journal of pharmacology. 2000;130:1843–1852. PubMed PMC
Coddou C, Yan Z, Obsil T, Huidobro-Toro JP, Stojilkovic SS. Activation and regulation of purinergic P2X receptor channels. Pharmacological reviews. 2011;63:641–683. PubMed PMC
D’Aniello A, Di Fiore MM, Fisher GH, Milone A, Seleni A, D’Aniello S, Perna AF, Ingrosso D. Occurrence of D-aspartic acid and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid in rat neuroendocrine tissues and their role in the modulation of luteinizing hormone and growth hormone release. FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 2000a;14:699–714. PubMed
D’Aniello G, Tolino A, D’Aniello A, Errico F, Fisher GH, Di Fiore MM. The role of D-aspartic acid and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid in the regulation of prolactin release. Endocrinology. 2000b;141:3862–3870. PubMed
Davidson JS, Wakefield IK, Sohnius U, van der Merwe PA, Millar RP. A novel extracellular nucleotide receptor coupled to phosphoinositidase- C in pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 1990;126:80–87. PubMed
DeAlmeida VI, Mayo KE. The growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor. Vitamins and hormones. 2001;63:233–276. PubMed
Denef C. Paracrinicity: the story of 30 years of cellular pituitary crosstalk. Journal of neuroendocrinology. 2008;20:1–70. PubMed PMC
Draguhn A, Verdorn TA, Ewert M, Seeburg PH, Sakmann B. Functional and molecular distinction between recombinant rat GABAA receptor subtypes by Zn2+ Neuron. 1990;5:781–788. PubMed
Drouin J. Molecular mechanisms of pituitary differentiation and regulation: implications for hormone deficiencies and hormone resistance syndromes. Frontiers of hormone research. 2006;35:74–87. PubMed
Duncan PJ, Sengul S, Tabak J, Ruth P, Bertram R, Shipston MJ. Large conductance Ca(2)(+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels promote secretagogue-induced transition from spiking to bursting in murine anterior pituitary corticotrophs. J Physiol. 2015;593:1197–1211. PubMed PMC
Duvilanski B, Seilicovich A, Debeljuk L, Lasaga M, Diaz MC, Pisera D. GABA transport and subcellular distribution in the rat anterior pituitary gland. Neuroendocrinology. 1994;59:183–188. PubMed
Duvilanski BH, Perez R, Seilicovich A, Lasaga M, Diaz MC, Debeljuk L. Intracellular distribution of GABA in the rat anterior pituitary. An electron microscopic autoradiographic study. Tissue & cell. 2000;32:284–292. PubMed
Dwoskin LP, Crooks PA. Competitive neuronal nicotinic receptor antagonists: a new direction for drug discovery. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2001;298:395–402. PubMed
Eigler T, Ben-Shlomo A. Somatostatin system: molecular mechanisms regulating anterior pituitary hormones. Journal of molecular endocrinology. 2014;53:R1–19. PubMed
Enjalbert A, Ruberg M, Arancibia S, Fiore L, Priam M, Kordon C. Independent inhibition of prolactin secretion by dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in vitro. Endocrinology. 1979;105:823–826. PubMed
Faghih R, Gopalakrishnan M, Briggs CA. Allosteric modulators of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2008;51:701–712. PubMed
Farrar SJ, Whiting PJ, Bonnert TP, McKernan RM. Stoichiometry of a ligand-gated ion channel determined by fluorescence energy transfer. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1999;274:10100–10104. PubMed
Fauquier T, Guerineau NC, McKinney RA, Bauer K, Mollard P. Folliculostellate cell network: a route for long-distance communication in the anterior pituitary. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2001;98:8891–8896. PubMed PMC
Fiorindo RP, Martini L. Evidence for a cholinergic component in the neuroendocrine control of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Neuroendocrinology. 1975;18:322–332. PubMed
Fiumelli H, Woodin MA. Role of activity-dependent regulation of neuronal chloride homeostasis in development. Current opinion in neurobiology. 2007;17:81–86. PubMed
Freeman ME, Kanyicska B, Lerant A, Nagy G. Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion. Physiological reviews. 2000;80:1523–1631. PubMed
Fukata J, Usui T, Naitoh Y, Nakai Y, Imura H. Effects of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha, −1 beta, 2 and 6 on ACTH synthesis and release in the mouse pituitary tumour cell line AtT-20. J Endocrinol. 1989;122:33–39. PubMed
Gamel-Didelon K, Corsi C, Pepeu G, Jung H, Gratzl M, Mayerhofer A. An autocrine role for pituitary GABA: activation of GABA-B receptors and regulation of growth hormone levels. Neuroendocrinology. 2002;76:170–177. PubMed
Gamel-Didelon K, Kunz L, Fohr KJ, Gratzl M, Mayerhofer A. Molecular and physiological evidence for functional gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-C receptors in growth hormone-secreting cells. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2003;278:20192–20195. PubMed
Giustina A, Veldhuis JD. Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human. Endocr Rev. 1998;19:717–797. PubMed
Gonzalez-Iglesias AE, Murano T, Li S, Tomic M, Stojilkovic SS. Dopamine inhibits basal prolactin release in pituitary lactotrophs through pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive signaling pathways. Endocrinology. 2008;149:1470–1479. PubMed PMC
Grandison L, Guidotti A. gamma-Aminobutyric acid receptor function in rat anterior pituitary: evidence for control of prolactin release. Endocrinology. 1979;105:754–759. PubMed
Grossman A, Delitala G, Yeo T, Besser GM. GABA and muscimol inhibit the release of prolactin from dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells. Neuroendocrinology. 1981;32:145–149. PubMed
Guerineau N, Corcuff JB, Tabarin A, Mollard P. Spontaneous and corticotropin-releasing factor-induced cytosolic calcium transients in corticotrophs. Endocrinology. 1991;129:409–420. PubMed
Hamase K, Inoue T, Morikawa A, Konno R, Zaitsu K. Determination of free D-proline and D-leucine in the brains of mutant mice lacking D-amino acid oxidase activity. Analytical biochemistry. 2001;298:253–258. PubMed
Hamase K, Morikawa A, Etoh S, Tojo Y, Miyoshi Y, Zaitsu K. Analysis of small amounts of D-amino acids and the study of their physiological functions in mammals. Analytical sciences: the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry. 2009;25:961–968. PubMed
Hashimoto A, Oka T. Free D-aspartate and D-serine in the mammalian brain and periphery. Progress in neurobiology. 1997;52:325–353. PubMed
Hayashi M, Morimoto R, Yamamoto A, Moriyama Y. Expression and localization of vesicular glutamate transporters in pancreatic islets, upper gastrointestinal tract, and testis. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry: official journal of the Histochemistry Society. 2003a;51:1375–1390. PubMed
Hayashi M, Yamada H, Uehara S, Morimoto R, Muroyama A, Yatsushiro S, Takeda J, Yamamoto A, Moriyama Y. Secretory granule-mediated co-secretion of L-glutamate and glucagon triggers glutamatergic signal transmission in islets of Langerhans. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2003b;278:1966–1974. PubMed
He ML, Gonzalez-Iglesias AE, Stojilkovic SS. Role of nucleotide P2 receptors in calcium signaling and prolactin release in pituitary lactotrophs. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2003a;278:46270–46277. PubMed
He ML, Gonzalez-Iglesias AE, Tomic M, Stojilkovic SS. Release and extracellular metabolism of ATP by ecto-nucleotidase eNTPDase 1–3 in hypothalamic and pituitary cells. Purinergic signalling. 2005;1:135–144. PubMed PMC
He ML, Zemkova H, Koshimizu TA, Tomic M, Stojilkovic SS. Intracellular Calcium Measurements as a Method in Studies on Activity of Purinergic P2X Receptor-Channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2003b;23:23. PubMed
Heisler S. Inhibition of ACTH secretion in mouse pituitary tumor cells by activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology. 1985;63:723–730. PubMed
Heisler S, Larose L, Morisset J. Muscarinic cholinergic inhibition of cyclic AMP formation and adrenocorticotropin secretion in mouse pituitary tumor cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 1983;114:289–295. PubMed
Hogg RC, Raggenbass M, Bertrand D. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to brain function. Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology. 2003;147:1–46. PubMed
Hrabovszky E, Csapo AK, Kallo I, Wilheim T, Turi GF, Liposits Z. Localization and osmotic regulation of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 in magnocellular neurons of the rat hypothalamus. Neurochemistry international. 2006a;48:753–761. PubMed
Hrabovszky E, Kallo I, Turi GF, May K, Wittmann G, Fekete C, Liposits Z. Expression of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 in gonadotrope and thyrotrope cells of the rat pituitary. Regulation by estrogen and thyroid hormone status. Endocrinology. 2006b;147:3818–3825. PubMed
Hrabovszky E, Liposits Z. Novel aspects of glutamatergic signalling in the neuroendocrine system. Journal of neuroendocrinology. 2008;20:743–751. PubMed
Hrabovszky E, Molnar CS, Nagy R, Vida B, Borsay BA, Racz K, Herczeg L, Watanabe M, Kallo I, Liposits Z. Glutamatergic and GABAergic innervation of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I neurons. Endocrinology. 2012;153:2766–2776. PubMed
Hucho F, Tsetlin VI, Machold J. The emerging three-dimensional structure of a receptor. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Eur J Biochem. 1996;239:539–557. PubMed
Inenaga K, Mason WT. Chloride channels activated by gamma-aminobutyric acid in normal bovine lactotrophs. Brain research. 1987;405:159–164. PubMed
Iremonger KJ, Bains JS. Dynamic synapses in the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system. Prog Brain Res. 2008;170:119–128. PubMed
Iremonger KJ, Benediktsson AM, Bains JS. Glutamatergic synaptic transmission in neuroendocrine cells: Basic principles and mechanisms of plasticity. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology. 2010;31:296–306. PubMed
Israel JM, Dufy B, Gourdji D, Vincent JD. Effects of GABA on electrical properties of cultured rat pituitary tumor cells: an intracellular recording study. Life sciences. 1981;29:351–359. PubMed
Jain SK, Zelena D. Role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the control of prolactin secretion by other neurotransmitters and neuropeptides at the level of the pituitary. Endocrine regulations. 2013;47:65–74. PubMed
Jezova D. Control of ACTH secretion by excitatory amino acids: functional significance and clinical implications. Endocrine. 2005;28:287–294. PubMed
Jiang YN, Li YH, Ke MW, Tseng TY, Tang YB, Huang MC, Cheng WT, Ju YT. Caveolin-1 sensitizes rat pituitary adenoma GH3 cells to bromocriptine induced apoptosis. Cancer cell international. 2007;7:1. PubMed PMC
Johnston GA. Medicinal chemistry and molecular pharmacology of GABA(C) receptors. Curr Top Med Chem. 2002;2:903–913. PubMed
Jones TH, Brown BL, Cullen DR, Dobson PR. Effect of the GABAA agonist muscimol on prolactin secretion from human prolactin-secreting adenomas and GH3 rat pituitary tumour cells. Hormone research. 1992;37:113–118. PubMed
Kanasaki H, Fukunaga K, Takahashi K, Miyazaki K, Miyamoto E. Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in bromocriptine-induced apoptosis in rat pituitary GH3 cells. Biology of reproduction. 2000;62:1486–1494. PubMed
Karakas E, Regan MC, Furukawa H. Emerging structural insights into the function of ionotropic glutamate receptors. Trends in biochemical sciences. 2015;40:328–337. PubMed PMC
Katzur AC, Koshimizu T, Tomic M, Schultze-Mosgau A, Ortmann O, Stojilkovic SS. Expression and responsiveness of P2Y2 receptors in human endometrial cancer cell lines. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 1999;84:4085–4091. PubMed
Kelberman D, Rizzoti K, Lovell-Badge R, Robinson IC, Dattani MT. Genetic regulation of pituitary gland development in human and mouse. Endocr Rev. 2009;30:790–829. PubMed PMC
Kimura F, Jinnai K, Funabashi T. A GABAB-receptor mechanism is involved in the prolactin release in both male and female rats. Neuroscience letters. 1993;155:183–186. PubMed
Kiriyama Y, Nochi H. D-Amino Acids in the Nervous and Endocrine Systems. Scientifica. 2016;2016:6494621. PubMed PMC
Kiyama H, Sato K, Tohyama M. Characteristic localization of non-NMDA type glutamate receptor subunits in the rat pituitary gland. Brain research Molecular brain research. 1993;19:262–268. PubMed
Kocsis ZS, Molnar CS, Watanabe M, Daneels G, Moechars D, Liposits Z, Hrabovszky E. Demonstration of vesicular glutamate transporter-1 in corticotroph cells in the anterior pituitary of the rat. Neurochemistry international. 2010;56:479–486. PubMed
Koshimizu T, Tomic M, Van Goor F, Stojilkovic SS. Functional role of alternative splicing in pituitary P2X2 receptor- channel activation and desensitization. Molecular endocrinology. 1998;12:901–913. PubMed
Koshimizu TA, Tomic M, Wong AO, Zivadinovic D, Stojilkovic SS. Characterization of purinergic receptors and receptor-channels expressed in anterior pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 2000;141:4091–4099. PubMed
Koshimizu TA, Tsujimoto G. Functional role of spliced cytoplasmic tails in P2X2-receptor-mediated cellular signaling. Journal of pharmacological sciences. 2006;101:261–266. PubMed
Kotak VC, Korada S, Schwartz IR, Sanes DH. A developmental shift from GABAergic to glycinergic transmission in the central auditory system. J Neurosci. 1998;18:4646–4655. PubMed PMC
Kretschmannova K, Kucka M, Gonzalez-Iglesias AE, Stojilkovic SS. The expression and role of hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in endocrine anterior pituitary cells. Molecular endocrinology. 2012;26:153–164. PubMed PMC
Kukuljan M, Stojilkovic SS, Rojas E, Catt KJ. Apamin-sensitive potassium channels mediate agonist-induced oscillations of membrane potential in pituitary gonadotrophs. FEBS letters. 1992;301:19–22. PubMed
Kumari M, Buckingham JC, Poyser RH, Cover PO. Roles for adenosine A1- and A2-receptors in the control of thyrotrophin and prolactin release from the anterior pituitary gland. Regulatory peptides. 1999;79:41–46. PubMed
Kuroda E, Watanabe M, Tamayama T, Shimada M. Autoradiographic distribution of radioactivity from (14)C-GABA in the mouse. Microscopy research and technique. 2000;48:116–126. PubMed
Kuryshev YA, Childs GV, Ritchie AK. Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation of Ca2+ entry in corticotropes is partially dependent on protein kinase A. Endocrinology. 1995;136:3925–3935. PubMed
Kwiecien R, Hammond C. Differential management of Ca2+ oscillations by anterior pituitary cells: a comparative overview. Neuroendocrinology. 1998;68:135–151. PubMed
Lachowicz A, Van Goor F, Katzur AC, Bonhomme G, Stojilkovic SS. Uncoupling of calcium mobilization and entry pathways in endothelin-stimulated pituitary lactotrophs. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1997;272:28308–28314. PubMed
Lamberts SW, Macleod RM. Studies on the mechanism of the GABA-mediated inhibition of prolactin secretion. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1978;158:10–13. PubMed
Le Tissier PR, Hodson DJ, Lafont C, Fontanaud P, Schaeffer M, Mollard P. Anterior pituitary cell networks. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology. 2012;33:252–266. PubMed
Lee AK, Tse A. Mechanism underlying corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) triggered cytosolic Ca2+ rise in identified rat corticotrophs. J Physiol. 1997;504(Pt 2):367–378. PubMed PMC
Li S, Bjelobaba I, Yan Z, Kucka M, Tomic M, Stojilkovic SS. Expression and roles of pannexins in ATP release in the pituitary gland. Endocrinology. 2011;152:2342–2352. PubMed PMC
Liang Z, Chen L, McClafferty H, Lukowski R, MacGregor D, King JT, Rizzi S, Sausbier M, McCobb DP, Knaus HG, Ruth P, Shipston MJ. Control of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis activity by the intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, SK4. J Physiol. 2011;589:5965–5986. PubMed PMC
Lindstrom P, Ohlsson L. Effect of N-methyl-D,L-aspartate on isolated rat somatotrophs. Endocrinology. 1992;131:1903–1907. PubMed
Locatelli V, Cocchi D, Frigerio C, Betti R, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Racagni G, Muller EE. Dual gamma-aminobutyric acid control of prolactin secretion in the rat. Endocrinology. 1979;105:778–785. PubMed
Login IS. Direct stimulation of pituitary prolactin release by glutamate. Life sciences. 1990;47:2269–2275. PubMed
Lorsignol A, Taupignon A, Dufy B. Short applications of gamma-aminobutyric acid increase intracellular calcium concentrations in single identified rat lactotrophs. Neuroendocrinology. 1994;60:389–399. PubMed
Lorsignol A, Taupignon A, Dufy B. Long-term GABAA receptor activation increases [Ca2+]i in single lactotrophs. The American journal of physiology. 1996;270:E793–801. PubMed
Lummis SC. 5-HT(3) receptors. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2012;287:40239–40245. PubMed PMC
Lynch KJ, Touma E, Niforatos W, Kage KL, Burgard EC, van Biesen T, Kowaluk EA, Jarvis MF. Molecular and functional characterization of human P2X(2) receptors. Molecular pharmacology. 1999;56:1171–1181. PubMed
Mayer ML. Structural biology of glutamate receptor ion channel complexes. Current opinion in structural biology. 2016;41:119–127. PubMed
Mayerhofer A, Hohne-Zell B, Gamel-Didelon K, Jung H, Redecker P, Grube D, Urbanski HF, Gasnier B, Fritschy JM, Gratzl M. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA): a para-and/or autocrine hormone in the pituitary. FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 2001;15:1089–1091. PubMed
McArdle CA, Franklin J, Green L, Hislop JN. The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor: signalling, cycling and desensitisation. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2002;110:113–122. PubMed
Meeker RB, Greenwood RS, Hayward JN. Glutamate receptors in the rat hypothalamus and pituitary. Endocrinology. 1994;134:621–629. PubMed
Mellon PL, Windle JJ, Weiner RI. Immortalization of neuroendocrine cells by targeted oncogenesis. Recent progress in hormone research. 1991;47:69–93. discussion 93–66. PubMed
Merelli F, Stojilkovic SS, Iida T, Krsmanovic LZ, Zheng L, Mellon PL, Catt KJ. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced calcium signaling in clonal pituitary gonadotrophs. Endocrinology. 1992;131:925–932. PubMed
Michels G, Moss SJ. GABAA receptors: properties and trafficking. Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology. 2007;42:3–14. PubMed
Mijiddorj T, Kanasaki H, Sukhbaatar U, Oride A, Kyo S. DS1, a delta subunit-containing GABA(A) receptor agonist, increases gonadotropin subunit gene expression in mouse pituitary gonadotrophs. Biology of reproduction. 2015;92:45. PubMed
Millar NS, Gotti C. Diversity of vertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neuropharmacology. 2009;56:237–246. PubMed
Mitchell R, Grieve G, Dow R, Fink G. Endogenous GABA receptor ligands in hypophysial portal blood. Neuroendocrinology. 1983;37:169–176. PubMed
Mohammadi SA, Burton TJ, Christie MJ. alpha9-nAChR knockout mice exhibit dysregulation of stress responses, affect and reward-related behaviour. Behavioural brain research. 2017;328:105–114. PubMed
Nakajima Y, Uchiyama M, Shirai Y, Sakuma Y, Kato M. Acetylcholine increases intracellular Ca2+ in the rat pituitary folliculostellate cells in primary culture. American journal of physiology Endocrinology and metabolism. 2001;280:E608–615. PubMed
Nakatsuka S, Hayashi M, Muroyama A, Otsuka M, Kozaki S, Yamada H, Moriyama Y. D-Aspartate is stored in secretory granules and released through a Ca(2+)-dependent pathway in a subset of rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2001;276:26589–26596. PubMed
Nakayama Y, Hattori N, Otani H, Inagaki C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-C receptor stimulation increases prolactin (PRL) secretion in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Biochemical pharmacology. 2006;71:1705–1710. PubMed
Nemecz A, Prevost MS, Menny A, Corringer PJ. Emerging Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Transduction in Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels. Neuron. 2016;90:452–470. PubMed
Nicoletti F, Grandison L, Meek JL. Effects of repeated administration of estradiol benzoate on tubero-infundibular GABAergic activity in male rats. Journal of neurochemistry. 1985;44:1217–1220. PubMed
Niimi M, Sato M, Murao K, Takahara J, Kawanishi K. Effect of excitatory amino acid receptor agonists on secretion of growth hormone as assessed by the reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Neuroendocrinology. 1994;60:173–178. PubMed
North RA. Molecular physiology of P2X receptors. Physiological reviews. 2002;82:1013–1067. PubMed
Nunez L, Villalobos C, Frawley LS. Extracellular ATP as an autocrine/paracrine regulator of prolactin release. The American journal of physiology. 1997;272:E1117–1123. PubMed
Ooi GT, Tawadros N, Escalona RM. Pituitary cell lines and their endocrine applications. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 2004;228:1–21. PubMed
Owens DF, Kriegstein AR. Is there more to GABA than synaptic inhibition? Nature reviews Neuroscience. 2002;3:715–727. PubMed
Pals K, Vankelecom H, Denef C. Triiodothyronine expands the lactotroph and maintains the lactosomatotroph population, whereas thyrotrophin-releasing hormone augments thyrotroph abundance in aggregate cell cultures of postnatal rat pituitary gland. Journal of neuroendocrinology. 2006;18:203–216. PubMed
Pampillo M, Theas S, Duvilanski B, Seilicovich A, Lasaga M. Effect of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate agonists and D-aspartate on prolactin release from anterior pituitary cells. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes: official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association. 2002;110:138–144. PubMed
Papke RL, Heinemann SF. Partial agonist properties of cytisine on neuronal nicotinic receptors containing the beta 2 subunit. Molecular pharmacology. 1994;45:142–149. PubMed
Petrusz P. The glutamate receptor subunit GLuR1 is expressed in gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary and is regulated by gonadal feedback. Acta biologica Hungarica. 1994;45:387–397. PubMed
Pinter I, Moszkovszkin G, Nemethy Z, Makara GB. Muscarinic M1 and M3 receptors are present and increase intracellular calcium in adult rat anterior pituitary gland. Brain research bulletin. 1999;48:449–456. PubMed
Poisbeau P, Trouslard J, Feltz P, Schlichter R. Calcium influx through neuronal-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors present on the neuroendocrine cells of the porcine pars intermedia. Neuroendocrinology. 1994;60:378–388. PubMed
Pow DV. Visualising the activity of the cystine-glutamate antiporter in glial cells using antibodies to aminoadipic acid, a selectively transported substrate. Glia. 2001;34:27–38. PubMed
Powers M. GABA supplementation and growth hormone response. Medicine and sport science. 2012;59:36–46. PubMed
Pu HF, Tan SK, Chen HL, Jea JC, Liu TC. Muscarinic regulation of basal versus thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced prolactin secretion in rat anterior pituitary cells. differential roles of nitric oxide and intracellular calcium mobilization. Neuroendocrinology. 1999;70:324–331. PubMed
Racagni G, Apud JA, Locatelli V, Cocchi D, Nistico G, di Giorgio RM, Muller EE. GABA of CNS origin in the rat anterior pituitary inhibits prolactin secretion. Nature. 1979;281:575–578. PubMed
Ralevic V, Burnstock G. Receptors for purines and pyrimidines. Pharmacological reviews. 1998;50:413–492. PubMed
Rees DA, Giles P, Lewis MD, Ham J. Adenosine regulates thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor expression in folliculostellate cells of the pituitary gland. Purinergic signalling. 2010;6:19–29. PubMed PMC
Rees DA, Scanlon MF, Ham J. Novel insights into how purines regulate pituitary cell function. Clinical science. 2003;104:467–481. PubMed
Savage JJ, Yaden BC, Kiratipranon P, Rhodes SJ. Transcriptional control during mammalian anterior pituitary development. Gene. 2003;319:1–19. PubMed
Schaeffer JM, Hsueh AJ. Acetylcholine receptors in the rat anterior pituitary gland. Endocrinology. 1980;106:1377–1381. PubMed
Schally AV. Hypothalamic regulation of FSH and LH secretion. Research in reproduction. 1970;2:2–3. PubMed
Schally AV, Redding TW, Arimura A, Dupont A, Linthicum GL. Isolation of gamma-amino butyric acid from pig hypothalami and demonstration of its prolactin release-inhibiting (PIF) activity in vivo and in vitro. Endocrinology. 1977;100:681–691. PubMed
Schell MJ, Cooper OB, Snyder SH. D-aspartate localizations imply neuronal and neuroendocrine roles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1997;94:2013–2018. PubMed PMC
Schledermann W, Wulfsen I, Schwarz JR, Bauer CK. Modulation of rat erg1, erg2, erg3 and HERG K+ currents by thyrotropin-releasing hormone in anterior pituitary cells via the native signal cascade. J Physiol. 2001;532:143–163. PubMed PMC
Schultze-Mosgau A, Katzur AC, Arora KK, Stojilkovic SS, Diedrich K, Ortmann O. Characterization of calcium-mobilizing, purinergic P2Y(2) receptors in human ovarian cancer cells. Molecular human reproduction. 2000;6:435–442. PubMed
Sealfon SC, Weinstein H, Millar RP. Molecular mechanisms of ligand interaction with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Endocr Rev. 1997;18:180–205. PubMed
Shibuya I, Kongsamut S, Douglas WW. Effectiveness of GABAB antagonists in inhibiting baclofen-induced reductions in cytosolic free Ca concentration in isolated melanotrophs of rat. British journal of pharmacology. 1992;105:893–898. PubMed PMC
Shigeri Y, Seal RP, Shimamoto K. Molecular pharmacology of glutamate transporters, EAATs and VGLUTs. Brain research Brain research reviews. 2004;45:250–265. PubMed
Shirasawa N, Yamanouchi H. Glucocorticoids induce glutamine synthetase in folliculostellate cells of rat pituitary glands in vivo and in vitro. Journal of anatomy. 1999;194(Pt 4):567–577. PubMed PMC
Sieghart W, Sperk G. Subunit composition, distribution and function of GABA(A) receptor subtypes. Curr Top Med Chem. 2002;2:795–816. PubMed
Simasko SM. Reevaluation of the electrophysiological actions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in a rat pituitary cell line (GH3) Endocrinology. 1991;128:2015–2026. PubMed
Simonovic I, Motta M, Martini L. Acetylcholine and the release of the follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor. Endocrinology. 1974;95:1373–1379. PubMed
Smart TG, Constanti A. Differential effect of zinc on the vertebrate GABAA-receptor complex. British journal of pharmacology. 1990;99:643–654. PubMed PMC
Stojilkovic SS. A novel view of the function of pituitary folliculo-stellate cell network. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2001;12:378–380. PubMed
Stojilkovic SS. Pituitary cell type-specific electrical activity, calcium signaling and secretion. Biological research. 2006;39:403–423. PubMed
Stojilkovic SS, Catt KJ. Calcium oscillations in anterior pituitary cells. Endocr Rev. 1992;13:256–280. PubMed
Stojilkovic SS, Iida T, Merelli F, Torsello A, Krsmanovic LZ, Catt KJ. Interactions between calcium and protein kinase C in the control of signaling and secretion in pituitary gonadotrophs. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1991;266:10377–10384. PubMed
Stojilkovic SS, Koshimizu T. Signaling by extracellular nucleotides in anterior pituitary cells. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2001;12:218–225. PubMed
Stojilkovic SS, Tabak J, Bertram R. Ion channels and signaling in the pituitary gland. Endocr Rev. 2010;31:845–915. PubMed PMC
Stojilkovic SS, Zemkova H, Van Goor F. Biophysical basis of pituitary cell type-specific Ca(2+) signaling-secretion coupling. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2005;16:152–159. PubMed
Szkudlinski MW, Fremont V, Ronin C, Weintraub BD. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor structure-function relationships. Physiological reviews. 2002;82:473–502. PubMed
Taleb O, Trouslard J, Demeneix BA, Feltz P, Bossu JL, Dupont JL, Feltz A. Spontaneous and GABA-evoked chloride channels on pituitary intermediate lobe cells and their internal Ca requirements. Pflugers Archiv: European journal of physiology. 1987;409:620–631. PubMed
Taylor RL, Burt DR. Pituitary cell cultures contain muscarinic receptors. European journal of pharmacology. 1980;65:305–308. PubMed
Thompson AJ, Lester HA, Lummis SC. The structural basis of function in Cys-loop receptors. Quarterly reviews of biophysics. 2010;43:449–499. PubMed
Tomic M, Bargi-Souza P, Leiva-Salcedo E, Nunes MT, Stojilkovic SS. Calcium signaling properties of a thyrotroph cell line, mouse T alpha T1 cells. Cell Calcium. 2015;58:598–605. PubMed PMC
Tomic M, Jobin RM, Vergara LA, Stojilkovic SS. Expression of purinergic receptor channels and their role in calcium signaling and hormone release in pituitary gonadotrophs. Integration of P2 channels in plasma membrane- and endoplasmic reticulum-derived calcium oscillations. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1996;271:21200–21208. PubMed
Topo E, Soricelli A, D’Aniello A, Ronsini S, D’Aniello G. The role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats. Reproductive biology and endocrinology: RB&E. 2009;7:120. PubMed PMC
Tse A, Hille B. GnRH-induced Ca2+ oscillations and rhythmic hyperpolarizations of pituitary gonadotropes. Science. 1992;255:462–464. PubMed
Tuomisto J, Mannisto P. Neurotransmitter regulation of anterior pituitary hormones. Pharmacological reviews. 1985;37:249–332. PubMed
Valerio A, Tinti C, Spano P, Memo M. Rat pituitary cells selectively express mRNA encoding the short isoform of the y2 GABAA receptor subunit. Brain research Molecular brain research. 1992;13:145–150. PubMed
Vankelecom H, Andries M, Billiau A, Denef C. Evidence that folliculo-stellate cells mediate the inhibitory effect of interferon-gamma on hormone secretion in rat anterior pituitary cell cultures. Endocrinology. 1992;130:3537–3546. PubMed
Villalobos C, Alonso-Torre SR, Nunez L, Garcia-Sancho J. Functional ATP receptors in rat anterior pituitary cells. The American journal of physiology. 1997;273:C1963–1971. PubMed
Villalobos C, Nunez L, Garcia-Sancho J. Functional glutamate receptors in a subpopulation of anterior pituitary cells. FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1996;10:654–660. PubMed
Vincens M, Enjalbert A, Lloyd KG, Paillard JJ, Thuret F, Kordon C, Lechat P. Evidence that clomethiazole interacts with the macromolecular GABA A-receptor complex in the central nervous system and in the anterior pituitary gland. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s archives of pharmacology. 1989;339:397–402. PubMed
Virmani MA, Stojilkovic SS, Catt KJ. Stimulation of luteinizing hormone release by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists: mediation by GABAA-type receptors and activation of chloride and voltage-sensitive calcium channels. Endocrinology. 1990;126:2499–2505. PubMed
Waring DW, Turgeon JL. Estradiol inhibition of voltage-activated and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced currents in mouse gonadotrophs. Endocrinology. 2006;147:5798–5805. PubMed
Williams B, Bence M, Everest H, Forrest-Owen W, Lightman SL, McArdle CA. GABAA receptor mediated elevation of Ca2+ and modulation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone action in alphaT3-1 gonadotropes. Journal of neuroendocrinology. 2000;12:159–166. PubMed
Wojcikiewicz RJ, Dobson PR, Brown BL. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation causes inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation, prolactin and growth hormone secretion in GH3 rat anterior pituitary tumour cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 1984;805:25–29. PubMed
Wu SN, Li HF, Chiang HT. Stimulatory effects of delta-hexachlorocyclohexane on Ca(2+)-activated K(+) currents in GH(3) lactotrophs. Molecular pharmacology. 2000;57:865–874. PubMed
Yu Q, Guo W, Song X, Liu X, Xiang Z, He C, Burnstock G. Expression of P2Y receptors in the rat anterior pituitary. Purinergic signalling. 2011;7:207–219. PubMed PMC
Zanisi M, Galbiati M, Messi E, Martini L. The anterior pituitary gland as a possible site of action of kainic acid. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1994;206:431–437. PubMed
Zemkova H, Balik A, Jiang Y, Kretschmannova K, Stojilkovic SS. Roles of purinergic P2X receptors as pacemaking channels and modulators of calcium-mobilizing pathway in pituitary gonadotrophs. Molecular endocrinology. 2006;20:1423–1436. PubMed
Zemkova H, Kucka M, Bjelobaba I, Tomic M, Stojilkovic SS. Multiple cholinergic signaling pathways in pituitary gonadotrophs. Endocrinology. 2013;154:421–433. PubMed PMC
Zemkova H, Kucka M, Li S, Gonzalez-Iglesias AE, Tomic M, Stojilkovic SS. Characterization of purinergic P2X4 receptor channels expressed in anterior pituitary cells. American journal of physiology Endocrinology and metabolism. 2010;298:E644–651. PubMed PMC
Zemkova H, Tomic M, Kucka M, Aguilera G, Stojilkovic SS. Spontaneous and CRH-Induced Excitability and Calcium Signaling in Mice Corticotrophs Involves Sodium, Calcium, and Cation-Conducting Channels. Endocrinology. 2016;157:1576–1589. PubMed PMC
Zemkova H, Vanecek J. Inhibitory effect of melatonin on gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced Ca2+ oscillations in pituitary cells of newborn rats. Neuroendocrinology. 1997;65:276–283. PubMed
Zemkova H, Vanecek J. Differences in gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced calcium signaling between melatonin-sensitive and melatonin-insensitive neonatal rat gonadotrophs. Endocrinology. 2000;141:1017–1026. PubMed
Zemkova H, Vanecek J, Krusek J. Electrophysiological characterization of GABAA receptors in anterior pituitary cells of newborn rats. Neuroendocrinology. 1995;62:123–129. PubMed
Zemkova HW, Bjelobaba I, Tomic M, Zemkova H, Stojilkovic SS. Molecular, pharmacological and functional properties of GABA(A) receptors in anterior pituitary cells. J Physiol. 2008;586:3097–3111. PubMed PMC
Zhang ZW, Feltz P. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in porcine hypophyseal intermediate lobe cells. J Physiol. 1990;422:83–101. PubMed PMC
Zhao LF, Iwasaki Y, Oki Y, Tsugita M, Taguchi T, Nishiyama M, Takao T, Kambayashi M, Hashimoto K. Purinergic receptor ligands stimulate pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression in AtT-20 pituitary corticotroph cells. Journal of neuroendocrinology. 2006;18:273–278. PubMed
Zhou Y, Lapingo C. Modulation of proopiomelanocortin gene expression by ethanol in mouse anterior pituitary corticotrope tumor cell AtT20. Regulatory peptides. 2014;192–193:6–14. PubMed
Zhu X, Gleiberman AS, Rosenfeld MG. Molecular physiology of pituitary development: signaling and transcriptional networks. Physiological reviews. 2007;87:933–963. PubMed