Recent developments in the prediction of local aerosol deposition in human lungs are driven by the fast development of computational simulations. Although such simulations provide results in unbeatable resolution, significant differences among distinct methods of calculation emphasize the need for highly precise experimental data in order to specify boundary conditions and for validation purposes. This paper reviews and critically evaluates available methods for the measurement of single and disperse two-phase flows for the study of respiratory airflow and deposition of inhaled particles, performed both in vivo and in replicas of airways. Limitations and possibilities associated with the experimental methods are discussed and aspects of the computational calculations that can be validated are indicated. The review classifies the methods into following categories: 1) point-wise and planar methods for velocimetry in the airways, 2) classic methods for the measurement of the regional distribution of inhaled particles, 3) standard medical imaging methods applicable to the measurement of the regional aerosol distribution and 4) emerging and nonconventional methods. All methods are described, applications in human airways studies are illustrated, and recommendations for the most useful applications of each method are given.

Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias Av Monforte de Lemos 3 5 Pabellón 11 Planta 0 28029 Madrid Spain

Computational Science Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of Cyprus Kallipoleos Ave 75 Nicosia 1678 Cyprus

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology Technicka 2896 2 Brno 61669 Czech Republic

Institute of Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics TU Bergakademie Freiberg Lampadiusstr 4 09599 Freiberg Germany

Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group CIC biomaGUNE Paseo Miramon 182 20014 San Sebastian Gipuzkoa Spain

Respiratory Division University Hospital UZ Brussel Vrije Universiteit Brussel Belgium

School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia; Institute for Advanced Studies Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 2 a 85748 Garching Germany; Chair of Biomedical Physics Department of Physics Technical University of Munich James Franck Str 1 85748 Garching Germany

TU Dresden Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring Fetscherstrasse 74 01307 Dresden Germany

Universidad Complutense de Madrid Av Monforte de Lemos 3 5 Pabellón 11 Planta 0 28029 Madrid Spain

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