The carnivorous plant genus Utricularia L. (bladderwort) comprises about 240 species distributed worldwide and is traditionally classified into two subgenera (Polypompholyx and Utricularia) and 35 sections, based mainly on general and trap morphology. It is one out of the largest carnivorous genera, representing ca. 30% of all carnivorous plant species, and is also the most widely distributed. According to previous phylogenetic studies, most infrageneric sections are monophyletic, but there are several incongruences considering their relationships and also the dissenting position of some species as a result of a too few (mostly one or two) molecular markers analyzed. Thus, here we present a multilocus phylogeny for Utricularia species with a wide taxonomic sampling (78 species and 115 accessions) based on six plastid (rbcL, matK, rpl20-rps12, rps16, trnL-F) and nuclear DNA (ITS region) sequences. The aim is to reconstruct a well-resolved tree to propose evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses for the radiation of lineages with inferences about the divergence times of clades using a molecular clock approach.

Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Třeboň Czech Republic

Office of Environment and Heritage Department of Premier and Cabinet Newcastle NSW Australia

Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Jaboticabal Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária São Paulo Brazil

Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Botucatu São Paulo Brazil

Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências São Vicente São Paulo Brazil

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Life in the Current: Anatomy and Morphology of Utricularia neottioides

The Trap Architecture of Utricularia multifida and Utricularia westonii (subg. Polypompholyx)

Nectar trichome structure of aquatic bladderworts from the section Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) with observation of flower visitors and pollinators