Please do not recycle! Translation reinitiation in microbes and higher eukaryotes

. 2018 Mar 01 ; 42 (2) : 165-192.

Jazyk angličtina Země Anglie, Velká Británie Médium print

Typ dokumentu časopisecké články, Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural, práce podpořená grantem, přehledy

Perzistentní odkaz   https://www.medvik.cz/link/pmid29281028

Grantová podpora
Wellcome Trust - United Kingdom
090812/B/09/Z Wellcome Trust - United Kingdom

Protein production must be strictly controlled at its beginning and end to synthesize a polypeptide that faithfully copies genetic information carried in the encoding mRNA. In contrast to viruses and prokaryotes, the majority of mRNAs in eukaryotes contain only one coding sequence, resulting in production of a single protein. There are, however, many exceptional mRNAs that either carry short open reading frames upstream of the main coding sequence (uORFs) or even contain multiple long ORFs. A wide variety of mechanisms have evolved in microbes and higher eukaryotes to prevent recycling of some or all translational components upon termination of the first translated ORF in such mRNAs and thereby enable subsequent translation of the next uORF or downstream coding sequence. These specialized reinitiation mechanisms are often regulated to couple translation of the downstream ORF to various stimuli. Here we review all known instances of both short uORF-mediated and long ORF-mediated reinitiation and present our current understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of these intriguing modes of translational control.

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