Integrins are cell surface receptors that form the link between extracellular matrix molecules of the cell environment and internal cell signalling and the cytoskeleton. They are involved in several processes, e.g. adhesion and migration during development and repair. This review focuses on the role of integrins in axonal regeneration. Integrins participate in spontaneous axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system through binding to various ligands that either inhibit or enhance their activation and signalling. Integrin biology is more complex in the central nervous system. Integrins receptors are transported into growing axons during development, but selective polarised transport of integrins limits the regenerative response in adult neurons. Manipulation of integrins and related molecules to control their activation state and localisation within axons is a promising route towards stimulating effective regeneration in the central nervous system.

Biological Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ U K

Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research Amsterdam Neuroscience Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands

Centre of Reconstructive Neuroscience Institute of Experimental Medicine 142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic

John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 0PY U K

Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences 1105 BA Amsterdam The Netherlands

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