In this paper, the characteristics of new porous coatings fabricated at three voltages in electrolytes based on H₃PO₄ with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, and copper(II) nitrate trihydrate are presented. The SEM, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and XRD techniques for coating identification were used. It was found that the higher the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) (micro arc oxidation (MAO)) voltage, the thicker the porous coating with higher amounts of built-in elements coming from the electrolyte and more amorphous phase with signals from crystalline Ca(H₂PO₄)₂∙H₂O and/or Ti(HPO₄)₂∙H₂O. Additionally, the external parts of the obtained porous coatings formed on titanium consisted mainly of Ti4+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO₄3-, HPO₄2-, H₂PO₄-, P₂O₇4- as well as Zn2+ or copper Cu⁺/Cu2+. The surface should be characterized by high biocompatibility, due to the presence of structures based on calcium and phosphates, and have bactericidal properties, due to the presence of zinc and copper ions. Furthermore, the addition of magnesium ions should accelerate the healing of postoperative wounds, which could lead to faster patient recovery.

Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Realfagbygget E3 124 Høgskoleringen 5 7491 NO Trondheim Norway

Division of BioEngineering and Surface Electrochemistry Department of Engineering and Informatics Systems Koszalin University of Technology Racławicka 15 17 PL 75 620 Koszalin Poland

HORIBA FRANCE S A S Avenue de la Vauve Passage Jobin Yvon 91120 Palaiseau France

Institute of Geological Engineering Faculty of Mining and Geology VŠB Technical University of Ostrava 708 33 Ostrava Czech Republic

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Metal Ions Supported Porous Coatings by Using AC Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Processing

Porous Coatings Containing Copper and Phosphorus Obtained by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Titanium