BACKGROUND: Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinomas (ITACs) are aggressive malignancies related to wood dust and leather exposure. ITACs are generally associated with advanced stage at presentation due to the insidious growth pattern and non-specific symptoms. Therefore, biomarkers that can detect the switch from the benign disease to malignancy are needed. Essential for tumour growth, angiogenesis is an important step in tumour development and progression. This process is strictly regulated, and MiR-126 considered its master modulator. METHODS: We have investigated MiR-126 levels in ITACs and compared them to benign sinonasal lesions, such as sinonasal-inverted papillomas (SIPs) and inflammatory polyps (NIPs). The tumour-suppressive functions of MiR-126 were also evaluated. RESULTS: We found that MiR-126 can significantly distinguish malignancy from benign nasal forms. The low levels of MiR-126 in ITACs point to its role in tumour progression. In this context, restoration of MiR-126 induced metabolic changes, and inhibited cell growth and the tumorigenic potential of MNSC cells. CONCLUSIONS: We report that MiR-126 delivered via exosomes from endothelial cells promotes anti-tumour responses. This paracrine transfer of MiRs may represent a new approach towards MiR-based therapy.

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health Section of Anatomical Pathology Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona Italy

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health Section of Legal Medicine Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona Italy

Department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino Carlo Bo Urbino PU Italy

Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Section of Occupational Medicine Polytechnic University of Marche Via Tronto 10 a 60020 Ancona Italy

Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Section of Otorhinolaryngology Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona Italy

Department of Medical Sciences Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine School of Medicine University of Trieste Trieste Italy

Institute of Biotechnology Czech Academy of Sciences Prague West Czech Republic

International Society of Doctors for the Environment Arezzo Italy

School of Medical Science Griffith University Southport Australia

Surgical Department ENT Metropolitan Unit Bellaria and Budrio Hospital Bologna Italy

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