Reproductive isolation is an important component of species differentiation. The plastid accD gene coding for the acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit and the nuclear bccp gene coding for the biotin carboxyl carrier protein were identified as candidate genes governing nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility in peas. We examined the allelic diversity in a set of 195 geographically diverse samples of both cultivated (Pisum sativum, P. abyssinicum) and wild (P. fulvum and P. elatius) peas. Based on deduced protein sequences, we identified 34 accD and 31 bccp alleles that are partially geographically and genetically structured. The accD is highly variable due to insertions of tandem repeats. P. fulvum and P. abyssinicum have unique alleles and combinations of both genes. On the other hand, partial overlap was observed between P. sativum and P. elatius. Mapping of protein sequence polymorphisms to 3D structures revealed that most of the repeat and indel polymorphisms map to sequence regions that could not be modeled, consistent with this part of the protein being less constrained by requirements for precise folding than the enzymatically active domains. The results of this study are important not only from an evolutionary point of view but are also relevant for pea breeding when using more distant wild relatives.

Department of Agricultural Sciences Viikki Plant Science Centre and Helsinki Sustainability Centre University of Helsinki FI 00014 Helsinki Finland

Department of Botany Faculty of Sciences Palacký University 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Experimental Plant Biology Faculty of Sciences Charles University 12844 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Geoinformatics Faculty of Sciences Palacký University 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics Palacký University 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Agronomy Mendel University 61300 Brno Czech Republic

National Center for Biotechnology Astana 010000 Kazakhstan

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Legume Genetics and Biology: From Mendel's Pea to Legume Genomics