Knowledge of current genetic diversity and mating systems of crop wild relatives (CWR) in the Fertile Crescent is important in crop genetic improvement, because western agriculture began in the area after the cold-dry period known as Younger Dryas about 12,000 years ago and these species are also wild genepools of the world's most important food crops. Wild pea (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius) is an important source of genetic diversity for further pea crop improvement harbouring traits useful in climate change context. The genetic structure was assessed on 187 individuals of Pisum sativum subsp. elatius from fourteen populations collected in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent using 18,397 genome wide single nucleotide polymorphism DARTseq markers. AMOVA showed that 63% of the allelic variation was distributed between populations and 19% between individuals within populations. Four populations were found to contain admixed individuals. The observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.99 to 6.26% with estimated self-pollination rate between 47 to 90%. Genetic distances of wild pea populations were correlated with geographic but not environmental (climatic) distances and support a mixed mating system with predominant self-pollination. Niche modelling with future climatic projections showed a local decline in habitats suitable for wild pea, making a strong case for further collection and ex situ conservation.

Agricultural Research Ltd Troubsko Czech Republic

CSIRO Agriculture and Food Wembley Western Australia Australia

Department of Biology and Botanical Garden University of Crete Heraklion Greece

Department of Botany Palacký University Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Field Crops Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey

Department of Geoinformatics Palacký University Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics Assam University Silchar India

Department of Plant Biology Mendel University Brno Czech Republic

ICRISAT Hyderabad India

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PLoS One. 2018 Apr 19;13(4):e0196376. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196376. PubMed

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