For the first time, a nearly complete barcode library for European Gelechiidae is provided. DNA barcode sequences (COI gene - cytochrome c oxidase 1) from 751 out of 865 nominal species, belonging to 105 genera, were successfully recovered. A total of 741 species represented by specimens with sequences ≥ 500bp and an additional ten species represented by specimens with shorter sequences were used to produce 53 NJ trees. Intraspecific barcode divergence averaged only 0.54% whereas distance to the Nearest-Neighbour species averaged 5.58%. Of these, 710 species possessed unique DNA barcodes, but 31 species could not be reliably discriminated because of barcode sharing or partial barcode overlap. Species discrimination based on the Barcode Index System (BIN) was successful for 668 out of 723 species which clustered from minimum one to maximum 22 unique BINs. Fifty-five species shared a BIN with up to four species and identification from DNA barcode data is uncertain. Finally, 65 clusters with a unique BIN remained unidentified to species level. These putative taxa, as well as 114 nominal species with more than one BIN, suggest the presence of considerable cryptic diversity, cases which should be examined in future revisionary studies.

Canadian National Collection of Insects Arachnids and Nematodes Ottawa Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri Food Canada Ottawa Canada Agriculture and Agri Food Canada Ottawa Canada

Centre for Biodiversity Genomics University of Guelph Guelph Canada University of Guelph Guelph Canada

Department of Ecology and Genetics University of Oulu Finland University of Oulu Oulu Finland

Espoo Finland Unaffiliated Espoo Finland

Finnish Museum of Natural History Zoology Unit Helsinki Finland Finnish Museum of Natural History Helsinki Finland

Institute for Evolutionary Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev Ukraine Institute for Evolutionary Ecology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev Ukraine

Kristiansand Norway Unaffiliated Kristiansand Norway

Landesmuseum Kärnten Klagenfurt Austria Landesmuseum Kärnten Klagenfurt am Wörthersee Austria

National Museum Natural History Museum Department of Entomology Praha Czech Republic Natural History Museum Prague Czech Republic

Natural History Museum University of Oslo Oslo Norway University of Oslo Oslo Norway

Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsges m b H Innsbruck Austria Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsges m b H Innsbruck Austria

SNSB Zoological State Collection Munich Germany Zoological State Collection Munich Germany

Zoological Museum Natural History Museum of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark Natural History Museum of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark

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