: Primary aldosteronism is a frequent cause of secondary hypertension requiring a specific pharmacological treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist or with unilateral adrenalectomy. These treatments have shown to reduce the excess of cardiovascular risk characteristically associated with this disease. In part I of this consensus, we discussed the procedures for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. In the present part II, we address the strategies for the differential diagnosis of primary aldosteronism subtypes and therapy. We also discuss the evaluation of outcomes and provide suggestions for follow-up as well as cardiovascular and metabolic complications specifically associated with primary aldosteronism. Finally, we analyse the principal gaps of knowledge and future challenges for research in this field.

3rd Department of Medicine Center for Hypertension General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Endocrinology Metabolism and Hypertension Clinical Research Institute National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center and Endocrine Center Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital Kyoto Japan

Department of Hypertension National Institute of Cardiology Warsaw Poland

Department of Internal Medicine HP 463 Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Nijmegen Netherlands

Department of Medicine 3 University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the TU Dresden Dresden Germany

Division of Clinical Hypertension Endocrinology and Metabolism Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan

Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit Department of Medical Sciences University of Torino Torino

Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan

Hypertension Unit Internal Medicine Department of Medicine DAME University of Udine Udine Italy

Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 4 Klinikum der Universität München Ludwig Maximilians Universität München Munich Germany

Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine Aristotle University Thessaloniki Greece

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J Hypertens. 2020 Oct;38(10):1937-1939. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002568. PubMed

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Validation of Existing Clinical Prediction Tools for Primary Aldosteronism Subtyping

Adrenal Venous Sampling Could Be Omitted before Surgery in Patients with Conn's Adenoma Confirmed by Computed Tomography and Higher Normal Aldosterone Concentration after Saline Infusion Test