The disconnect between preclinical and clinical results underscores the imperative for establishing good animal models, then gleaning all available data on efficacy, safety, and potential toxicities associated with a device or drug. Mini pigs are a commonly used animal model for testing orthopedic and dental devices because their skeletons are large enough to accommodate human-sized implants. The challenge comes with the analyses of their hard tissues: current methods are time-consuming, destructive, and largely limited to histological observations made from the analysis of very few tissue sections. We developed and employed cryo-based methods that preserved the microarchitecture and the cellular/molecular integrity of mini pig hard tissues, then demonstrated that the results of these histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and dynamic histomorphometric analyses e.g., mineral apposition rates were comparable with similar data from preclinical rodent models. Thus, the ability to assess static and dynamic bone states increases the translational value of mini pig and other large animal model studies. In sum, this method represents logical means to minimize the number of animals in a study while simultaneously maximizing the amount of information collected from each specimen.

Department of Plastic Surgery 3rd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady Charles University Prague Srobarova 50 10034 Prague 10 Czech Republic

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine 1651 Page Mill Road Palo Alto CA 94304 USA

Nobel Biocare Services AG Zurich Switzerland

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