High-throughput sequencing (HTS) is increasingly being used for the characterization and monitoring of biodiversity. If applied in a structured way, across broad geographical scales, it offers the potential for a much deeper understanding of global biodiversity through the integration of massive quantities of molecular inventory data generated independently at local, regional and global scales. The universality, reliability and efficiency of HTS data can potentially facilitate the seamless linking of data among species assemblages from different sites, at different hierarchical levels of diversity, for any taxonomic group and regardless of prior taxonomic knowledge. However, collective international efforts are required to optimally exploit the potential of site-based HTS data for global integration and synthesis, efforts that at present are limited to the microbial domain. To contribute to the development of an analogous strategy for the nonmicrobial terrestrial domain, an international symposium entitled "Next Generation Biodiversity Monitoring" was held in November 2019 in Nicosia (Cyprus). The symposium brought together evolutionary geneticists, ecologists and biodiversity scientists involved in diverse regional and global initiatives using HTS as a core tool for biodiversity assessment. In this review, we summarize the consensus that emerged from the 3-day symposium. We converged on the opinion that an effective terrestrial Genomic Observatories network for global biodiversity integration and synthesis should be spatially led and strategically united under the umbrella of the metabarcoding approach. Subsequently, we outline an HTS-based strategy to collectively build an integrative framework for site-based biodiversity data generation.

Aquatic Ecosystem Research Faculty of Biology University of Duisburg Essen Essen Germany

Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna son Japan

Biology Centre Institute of Entomology Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China

Centre for Biodiversity Genomics University of Guelph Guelph Canada

Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig Bonn Germany

Centre for Water and Environmental Research Essen University of Duisburg Essen Essen Germany

Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Royal Botanic Gardens London UK

Department of Biogeography Trier University Trier Germany

Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural History Stockholm Sweden

Department of Biological Sciences University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

Department of Environment and Agronomy INIA Madrid Spain

Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy University of Milano Milano Italy

Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London London UK

Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UK

Division of Vertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History New York USA

Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

Institut de Biologie de l'ENS Département de biologie École normale supérieure CNRS INSERM Université PSL Paris France

Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología San Cristóbal de la Laguna Spain

School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK

School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Guelph Canada

School of Natural Sciences Bangor University Gwynedd UK

Section for Evolutionary Genomics Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China

Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS Université Savoie Mont Blanc LECA Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine Grenoble France

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Toward global integration of biodiversity big data: a harmonized metabarcode data generation module for terrestrial arthropods