Rice (Oryza sativa L.) feeds to two-third of the global population by serving as staple food. It is the main export commodity of several countries; thus, contributes towards foreign exchange earnings. Unfortunately, average global rice yield is far below than its genetic potential. Low nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) is among the major reasons for low average yield. Current study evaluated the impact of nitrogen fertilizer application methods (conventional and deep placement) on growth, yield-related traits, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, agronomic N-use efficiency (ANUE), partial factors productivity of applied N (PFP) and economic returns of two different transplanted rice varieties (Basmati-515 and Super-Basmati). Fertilizer application methods significantly affected allometry, yield-related traits, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP and economic returns. Deep placement of N-fertilizer (DPNF) observed better allometric traits, high chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP, yield attributes and economic returns compared to conventional application of N-fertilizer (CANF). Similarly, Basmati-515 had better allometric and yield-related traits, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP and economic returns than Super-Basmati. Regarding interactions among N-fertilizer application methods and rice varieties, Basmati-515 with DPNF resulted in higher chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP, allometric and yield related traits and economic returns than CANF. The lowest values of these traits were observed for Super-Basmati with no application of N-fertilizer. Both varieties had better yield and economic returns with DPNF compared to CANF. It is concluded that DPNF improved yield, ANUE and economic returns; therefore, should be opted to improve productivity of transplanted fine rice. Nonetheless, lower nitrogen doses need to be tested for DPNF to infer whether it could lower N use in rice crop.

Agriculture Research Ltd Troubsko Czech Republic

Department of Botany Hindu College Moradabad Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly Bareilly India

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Pakistan

Department of Plant Protection Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Pakistan

Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Department of Agronomy Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan

Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Department of Soil Science Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan

Faculty of Agrisciences Department of Agrochemistry Soil Science Microbiology and Plant Nutrition Mendel University in Brno Brno Czech Republic

Faculty of Chemistry Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic

Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology Department of Geology and Soil Science Mendel University in Brno Brno Czech Republic

Faculty of Science Department of Biology King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia

Research Center for Advanced Materials Science King Khalid University Abha Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Soil and Water Testing Laboratory Dera Ghazi Khan Pakistan

Odvolání publikace

PLoS One. 2022 Oct 21;17(10):e0275942. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275942. PubMed

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