Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 (ST1) was an important cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) globally before the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) containing ST1 antigen. The Pneumococcal Serotype Replacement and Distribution Estimation (PSERENADE) project gathered ST1 IPD surveillance data from sites globally and aimed to estimate PCV10/13 impact on ST1 IPD incidence. We estimated ST1 IPD incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing the pre-PCV10/13 period to each post-PCV10/13 year by site using a Bayesian multi-level, mixed-effects Poisson regression and all-site IRRs using a linear mixed-effects regression (N = 45 sites). Following PCV10/13 introduction, the incidence rate (IR) of ST1 IPD declined among all ages. After six years of PCV10/13 use, the all-site IRR was 0.05 (95% credibility interval 0.04-0.06) for all ages, 0.05 (0.04-0.05) for <5 years of age, 0.08 (0.06-0.09) for 5-17 years, 0.06 (0.05-0.08) for 18-49 years, 0.06 (0.05-0.07) for 50-64 years, and 0.05 (0.04-0.06) for ≥65 years. PCV10/13 use in infant immunization programs was followed by a 95% reduction in ST1 IPD in all ages after approximately 6 years. Limited data availability from the highest ST1 disease burden countries using a 3+0 schedule constrains generalizability and data from these settings are needed.

Arctic Investigations Program Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Anchorage AK 99508 USA

Bacteria Parasites and Fungi Statens Serum Institut DK 2300 Copenhagen Denmark

Bacteriology Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre Casablanca 20250 Morocco

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nairobi Kenya

Centre for Disease Control Department of Health and Community Services Darwin NT 8000 Australia

Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia 1005 Riga Latvia

Centre for Medical Microbiology National Laboratory of Health Environment and Food 2000 Maribor Slovenia

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service 2192 Johannesburg South Africa

Child Health Research Foundation Dhaka 1207 Bangladesh

CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública 28029 Madrid Spain

Communicable Diseases Centre National Institute of Public Health 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia

Department of Clinical Microbiology Landspitali The National University Hospital Hringbraut 101 Reykjavik Iceland

Department of Health Security Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare 00271 Helsinki Finland

Department of Infection Control and Vaccine Norwegian Institute of Public Health 0456 Oslo Norway

Department of Infectious Diseases Italian National Institute of Health 00161 Rome Italy

Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Hassan 2 University of Casablanca Casablanca 20000 Morocco

Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven BE 3000 Leuven Belgium

Department of Microbiology Public Health Agency of Sweden 171 82 Solna Sweden

Department of Pediatrics University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services Calgary AB T3B 6A8 Canada

Department of Pediatrics Yale New Haven Children's Hospital New Haven CT 06504 USA

Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Laval University Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada

Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA

Doctoral Studies Department Riga Stradinš University 1007 Riga Latvia

Epidemiology Department Dirección General de Salud Pública 28009 Madrid Spain

Epidemiology Team Institute of Environmental Science and Research Porirua 5240 Wellington New Zealand

Faculty of Health Sciences Ben Gurion University of the Negev 8410501 Beer Sheva Israel

Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Keppel St London WC1E 7HT UK

Health Sciences Unit Faculty of Social Sciences University of Tampere 33100 Tampere Finland

HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre Mountjoy Dublin D01 A4A3 Ireland

Immunisation and Countermeasures Division Public Health England London NW9 5EQ UK

Independent Consultant 1296 Coppet Switzerland

Infectious Disease Center and Department of Clinical Research National Hospital Organization Mie Hospital Tsu Mie 514 0125 Japan

Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool CH64 7TE UK

Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile 7780050 Santiago Santiago Metropolitan Chile

Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra IdiSNA 31003 Pamplona Navarra Spain

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD 21205 USA

KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme Epidemiology and Demography Department Centre for Geographic Medicine Coast P O Box 230 80108 Kilifi Kenya

Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme P O Box 30096 Chichiri Blantyre 3 Malawi

Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia atLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine P O Box 273 Banjul The Gambia

Medicine Department Universitat Internacional de Catalunya 08017 Barcelona Spain

Ministry of Health and Medical Services Suva Fiji

Molecular Microbiology Department Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat Barcelona Spain

National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30333 USA

National Center of Communicable Diseases Ministry of Health Bayanzurkh District Ulaanbaatar 13336 Mongolia

National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Westmead NSW 2145 Australia

National Institute for Public Health and the Environment 3721 MA Bilthoven The Netherlands

National Institute of Public Health 100 42 Praha Czech Republic

National Laboratory for Meningitis and Pneumococcal Infections Center of Bacteriology Institute Adolfo Lutz São Paulo 01246 902 Brazil

National Public Health Organisation 15123 Athens Greece

National Reference Center for Streptococci Department of Medical Microbiology University Hospital RWTH Aachen 52074 Aachen Germany

National Reference Centre for Bacterial Meningitis National Medicines Institute 00 725 Warsaw Poland

National Reference Centre for Pneumococcal and Haemophilus Diseases Regional Authority of Public Health 975 56 Banská Bystrica Slovakia

National Reference Centre for Streptococcus Pneumoniae University Hospitals Leuven 3000 Leuven Belgium

New Vaccines Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville Melbourne 3052 Victoria Australia

Public Health Scotland Glasgow G2 6QE UK

Santé Publique France the French National Public Health Agency Saint Maurice CEDEX 94415 Paris France

School of Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Braamfontein Johannesburg 2000 South Africa

School of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand 2000 Johannesburg South Africa

Singapore Ministry of Health Communicable Diseases Division Singapore 308442 Singapore

Swiss National Reference Centre for Invasive Pneumococci Institute for Infectious Diseases University of Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland

Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 1A8 Canada

World Health Organization 1202 Geneva Switzerland

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Serotype distribution of remaining invasive pneumococcal disease after extensive use of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis

Global impact of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in all ages (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis