There are two main types of bacterial photosynthesis: oxygenic (cyanobacteria) and anoxygenic (sulfur and non-sulfur phototrophs). Molecular mechanisms of photosynthesis in the phototrophic microorganisms can differ and depend on their location and pigments in the cells. This paper describes bacteria capable of molecular oxidizing hydrogen sulfide, specifically the families Chromatiaceae and Chlorobiaceae, also known as purple and green sulfur bacteria in the process of anoxygenic photosynthesis. Further, it analyzes certain important physiological processes, especially those which are characteristic for these bacterial families. Primarily, the molecular metabolism of sulfur, which oxidizes hydrogen sulfide to elementary molecular sulfur, as well as photosynthetic processes taking place inside of cells are presented. Particular attention is paid to the description of the molecular structure of the photosynthetic apparatus in these two families of phototrophs. Moreover, some of their molecular biotechnological perspectives are discussed.

Archaea Physiology and Biotechnology Group Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology Universität Wien 1090 Wien Austria

Department of Experimental Biology Faculty of Science Masaryk University 62500 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy University of Szeged Eötvös utca 6 6720 Szeged Hungary

Faculty of Medicine Institute of Medical Microbiology Semmelweis University Nagyvárad tér 4 1089 Budapest Hungary

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