For non-native tree species with an origin outside of Europe a detailed compilation of enemy species including the severity of their attack is lacking up to now. We collected information on native and non-native species attacking non-native trees, i.e. type, extent and time of first observation of damage for 23 important non-native trees in 27 European countries. Our database includes about 2300 synthesised attack records (synthesised per biotic threat, tree and country) from over 800 species. Insects (49%) and fungi (45%) are the main observed biotic threats, but also arachnids, bacteria including phytoplasmas, mammals, nematodes, plants and viruses have been recorded. This information will be valuable to identify patterns and drivers of attacks, and trees with a lower current health risk to be considered for planting. In addition, our database will provide a baseline to which future impacts on non-native tree species could be compared with and thus will allow to analyse temporal trends of impacts.

Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés University Bordeaux F 33610 Cestas France

Centre for Climate Change Research Nicolaus Copernicus University Lwowska 1 PL 87 100 Toruń Poland

Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology University of Aveiro 3810 193 Aveiro Portugal

Centro di Ricerca Foreste e Legno Council for agricultural research and analysis of the agricultural economy Viale Santa Margherita 80 52100 Arezzo Italy

Coillte Unit 27 Coillte Forest Danville Business Park Kilkenny R95 YT95 Ireland

Department of Ecology and Biogeography Nicolaus Copernicus University Lwowska 1 PL 87 100 Toruń Poland

Department of Entomology Phytopathologyy and Game fauna Forest Research Institute Bulgarian Academy of Sciences St Kliment Ohridski 132 1756 Sofia Bulgaria

Department of Forest Protection Austrian Federal Research Centre for Forests Natural Hazards and Landscape Seckendorff Gudent Weg 8 1131 Vienna Austria

Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Vecna pot 83 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia

Department of Fungal Plant Pathology in Forestry Agriculture and Horticulture Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Innocamp Steinkjer skolegata 22 7713 Steinkjer Norway

Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Rolighedsvej 23 DK 1958 Frederiksberg C Germany

EFI Atlantic European Forest Institute 69 Route de Arcachon F 33610 Cestas France

ETH Zurich Department of Environmental Systems Science Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems 8092 Zurich Switzerland

European Forest Institute Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7 53113 Bonn Germany

Faculty of Forest Science and Ecology Agriculture Academy Vytautas Magnus University Studentu 11 Akademija 53361 Kaunas Lithuania

Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology Mendel University Zemědělská 3 613 00 Brno Czech Republic

Faculty of Forestry Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava Universității Street 13 720229 Suceava Romania

Faculty of Forestry University of Agriculture Al 29 Listopada 46 31 425 Kraków Poland

Faculty of Forestry University of Banja Luka Bulevar vojvode Stepe Stepanovica 75A 51000 Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina

FEM Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach Via E Mach 1 38010 San Michele all'Adige Italy

Forest Entomology Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Zürcherstrasse 111 8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland

Forest Protection Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Zürcherstrasse 111 8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland

Forest Research Forestry Commission Northern Research Station Roslin EH25 9SY Great Britain

Forest Research Forestry Commission Northern Research Station Roslin Midlothian EH25 9SY Great Britain

Forest Research Institute Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter Vassilika 57006 Greece

Forest Research Institute National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre Farkassziget 3 H 4150 Püspökladány Hungary

IEFC Institut Européen de la Forêt Cultivée 69 Route de Arcachon F 33610 Cestas France

Institute for National and International Plant Health Julius Kuehn Institute Messeweg 11 12 38104 Braunschweig Germany

Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests Julius Kuehn Institute Messeweg 11 12 38104 Braunschweig Germany

Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering Estonian University of Life Sciences Fr R Kreutzwaldi 5 51006 Tartu Estonia

Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering EstonianUniversity of Life Sciences Kreutzwaldi 5 51006 Tartu Estonia

Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment University of Novi Sad Antona Cehova 13d 21 000 Novi Sad Serbia

Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter Terma Alkmanos 11528 Athens Greece

Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology SAS Akademicka 2 P O Box 39A SK 950 07 Nitra Slovakia

Institute of Silviculture University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Peter Jordan Str 82 1190 Wien Austria

Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeemia tee 23 12618 Tallinn Estonia

Marin Drăcea National Research Development Institute in Forestry Station Câmpulung Moldovenesc Calea Bucovinei 73bis 725100 Câmpulung Moldovenesc Romania

Mediterranean Facility European Forest Institute Sant Pau Art Nouveau Site Sant Antoni M Claret 167 08025 Barcelona Spain

Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke Latokartanonkaari 9 00790 Helsinki Finland

Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research P O Box 115 NO 1431 Ås Norway

Polissya Branch Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration Neskorenych st 2 Dovzhik Ukraine

Siberian Federal University Svobodnyy Ave 79 660041 Krasnoyarsk Russia

Slovenian Forestry Institute Vecna pot 2 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia

Southern Swedish Forest Research Center PO Box 49 SE 230 53 Alnarp Sweden

The EFI Project Centre on Mountain Forests MOUNTFOR Via E Mach 1 38010 San Michele all'Adige Italy

UCD Forestry School of Agriculture and Food Science University College Dublin UCD Forestry School of Agriculture and Food Science University College Dublin D04 V1W8 Dublin Ireland

Unidade de Xestión Ambiental e Forestal Sostible Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus de Lugo 27002 Lugo Spain

Walloon Public service 23 av Maréchal Juin 5030 Gembloux Belgium

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