Quantitative spinal cord (SC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presents many challenges, including a lack of standardized imaging protocols. Here we present a prospectively harmonized quantitative MRI protocol, which we refer to as the spine generic protocol, for users of 3T MRI systems from the three main manufacturers: GE, Philips and Siemens. The protocol provides guidance for assessing SC macrostructural and microstructural integrity: T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging for SC cross-sectional area computation, multi-echo gradient echo for gray matter cross-sectional area, and magnetization transfer and diffusion weighted imaging for assessing white matter microstructure. In a companion paper from the same authors, the spine generic protocol was used to acquire data across 42 centers in 260 healthy subjects. The key details of the spine generic protocol are also available in an open-access document that can be found at https://github.com/spine-generic/protocols . The protocol will serve as a starting point for researchers and clinicians implementing new SC imaging initiatives so that, in the future, inclusion of the SC in neuroimaging protocols will be more common. The protocol could be implemented by any trained MR technician or by a researcher/clinician familiar with MRI acquisition.

Aix Marseille Univ CNRS CRMBM Marseille France

APHM Hopital Universitaire Timone CEMEREM Marseille France

Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA USA

BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute Department of Radiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA

Brain MRI 3T Research Centre IRCCS Mondino Foundation Pavia Italy

CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Center for Magnetic Resonance Research Department of Radiology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA

Center of Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases Hospital Clinic Barcelona Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer and Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Centre de Recherche CHUS CIMS Sherbrooke Quebec Canada

Centre for Advanced Imaging The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia

Centre for Medical Image Computing Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department University College London London UK

Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham UK

CHU Sainte Justine Research Centre Montreal Quebec Canada

CREF Museo storico della fisica e Centro studi e ricerche Enrico Fermi Rome Italy

CUBRIC Cardiff University Wales UK

Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences University of Pavia Pavia Italy

Department of Computer and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada

Department of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada

Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Neurophysics Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany

Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA

Department of Physics and Astronomy University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA

Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland

Department of Radiology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China

Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA

Department of Radiology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Department of Radiology Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil Switzerland

Department of Radiology the University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

Department of Radiology Toho University Omori Medical Center Tokyo Japan

Department of Radiology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada

Department of Radiology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA

Department of Systems Neuroscience University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg Germany

Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Engineering University Hospital Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic

Departments of Radiology Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Physics and Astronomy; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada

Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA

Division of Pain Medicine Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA

E health Centre Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Barcelona Spain

Epilepsy Society MRI Unit Chalfont St Peter UK

Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences Leipzig University Leipzig Germany

Fondation Campus Biotech Genève Geneva Switzerland

Functional Neuroimaging Unit CRIUGM University of Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada

Harvard Massachusetts Institute of Technology Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA USA

Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences G D'Annunzio University of Chieti Pescara Chieti Italy

Institute of Bioengineering Center for Neuroprosthetics Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Geneva Switzerland

Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany

Institute of Nanotechnology CNR Rome Italy

Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA

IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS Milan Italy

IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome Italy

Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany

McConnell Brain Imaging Centre Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada

Mila Quebec AI Institute Montreal Quebec Canada

MR Clinical Science Philips Healthcare Markham Ontario Canada

Multimodal and functional imaging laboratory Central European Institute of Technology Brno Czech Republic

NeuroPoly Lab Institute of Biomedical Engineering Polytechnique Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada

Neuroradiology Section Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Barcelona Spain

NMR Research Unit Queen Square MS Centre UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London London UK

Radiomics Group Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Barcelona Spain

Richard M Lucas Center Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA

School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia

School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia

Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab Computer Science department Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada

Spinal Cord Injury Center Balgrist University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Tiantan Image Research Center China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China

UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA

UHB University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Brno Czech Republic

Université de Strasbourg CNRS ICube Strasbourg France

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK USA

Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA

Wellcome Centre For Integrative Neuroimaging FMRIB Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford UK

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5th Spinal Cord MRI Workshop, http://www.spinalcordmri.org/2018/06/22/workshop.html.

Reproducible Spinal Cord Quantitative MRI Analysis with the Spinal Cord Toolbox

Evidence-based commentary on the diagnosis, management, and further research of degenerative cervical spinal cord compression in the absence of clinical symptoms of myelopathy

Body size interacts with the structure of the central nervous system: A multi-center in vivo neuroimaging study

Quantitative MR Markers in Non-Myelopathic Spinal Cord Compression: A Narrative Review

Semi-automated detection of cervical spinal cord compression with the Spinal Cord Toolbox

Open-access quantitative MRI data of the spinal cord and reproducibility across participants, sites and manufacturers