Oxygen is indispensable for most organisms on the earth because of its role in respiration. However, it is also associated with several unwanted effects which may sometimes prove fatal in the long run. Such effects are more evident in cells exposed to strong oxidants containing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The adverse outcomes of oxidative metabolism are referred to as oxidative stress, which is a staple theme in contemporary medical research. Oxidative stress leads to plasma membrane disruption through lipid peroxidation and has several other deleterious effects. A large body of literature suggests the involvement of ROS in cancer, ageing, and several other health hazards of the modern world. Plant-based cures for these conditions are desperately sought after as supposedly safer alternatives to mainstream medicines. Phytochemicals, which constitute a diverse group of plant-based substances with varying roles in oxidative reactions of the body, are implicated in the treatment of cancer, aging, and all other ROS-induced anomalies. This review presents a summary of important phytochemicals extracted from medicinal plants which are a part of Indian ethnomedicine and Ayurveda and describes their possible therapeutic significance.

Department of Animal Morphology Physiology and Genetics Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno 61300 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Applied Physics School of Science Aalto University 00076 Espoo Finland

Department of Chemistry Shia PG College Lucknow 226003 India

Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics Assam University Silchar 788011 India

Department of Zoology Shia PG College Lucknow 226003 India

Faculty of Medicine Bursa Uludağ University Görükle Campus Nilüfer Bursa 16059 Turkey

Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging Molecular Biotechnology Center 10124 Turin Italy

Medical Laboratory Technology Department College of Applied Medical Sciences Jazan University Jazan 45142 Saudi Arabia

Research and Scientific Studies Unit College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Jazan University Jazan 45142 Saudi Arabia

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