Multifunctional and resistant 3D structures represent a great promise and a great challenge in bone tissue engineering. This study addresses this problem by employing polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds added with hydroxyapatite (HAp) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), able to drive on demand the necessary cells and other bioagents for a high healing efficiency. PCL-HAp-SPION scaffolds with different concentrations of the superparamagnetic component were developed through the 3D-printing technology and the specific topographical features were detected by Atomic Force and Magnetic Force Microscopy (AFM-MFM). AFM-MFM measurements confirmed a homogenous distribution of HAp and SPION throughout the surface. The magnetically assisted seeding of cells in the scaffold resulted most efficient for the 1% SPION concentration, providing good cell entrapment and adhesion rates. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) seeded onto PCL-HAp-1% SPION showed a good cell proliferation and intrinsic osteogenic potential, indicating no toxic effects of the employed scaffold materials. The performed characterizations and the collected set of data point on the inherent osteogenic potential of the newly developed PCL-HAp-1% SPION scaffolds, endorsing them towards next steps of in vitro and in vivo studies and validations.

BioDevice Systems Bulharská 10 Vršovice 996 20 10100 Praha Czech Republic

Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche 40129 Bologna Italy

REGENHU Ltd Z 1 Le Vivier 22 1690 Villaz St Pierre Switzerland

SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli 40136 Bologna Italy

SSD Laboratorio RAMSES IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli 40136 Bologna Italy

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