Vitellogenesis (yolk accumulation) begins upon eclosion and continues through the process of sexual maturation. Upon reaching sexual maturity, vitellogenesis is placed on hold until it is induced again by mating. However, the mechanisms that gate vitellogenesis in response to developmental and reproductive signals remain unclear. Here, we have identified the neuropeptide allatostatin-C (AstC)-producing neurons that gate both the initiation of vitellogenesis that occurs post-eclosion and its re-initiation post-mating. During sexual maturation, the AstC neurons receive excitatory inputs from Sex Peptide Abdominal Ganglion (SAG) neurons. In mature virgin females, high sustained activity of SAG neurons shuts off vitellogenesis via continuous activation of the AstC neurons. Upon mating, however, Sex Peptide inhibits SAG neurons, leading to deactivation of the AstC neurons. As a result, this permits both JH biosynthesis and the progression of vitellogenesis in mated females. Our work has uncovered a central neural circuit that gates the progression of oogenesis.

Department of Artificial Intelligence Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni ro Seongdong gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea

Department of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Science Institute Florida International University Miami FL USA

Department of Electronic Engineering Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni ro Seongdong gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea

Department of Fisheries Ecology Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste 23096 La Paz Baja California Sur Mexico

Department of Parasitology University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic

School of Life Sciences Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology 123 Cheomdangwagi ro Buk gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea

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