Bacterial infections have been, and are very likely to continue to be, among the most serious problems in medicine [...].

Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacký University Olomouc 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic

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Papajk J., Mezerová K., Uvízl R., Štosová T., Kolář M. Clonal diversity of Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia spp. strains isolated from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Antibiotics. 2021;10:674. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10060674. PubMed DOI PMC

Hricová K., Štosová T., Kučová P., Fišerová K., Bardoň J., Kolář M. Analysis of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in hemato-oncological patients. Antibiotics. 2020;9:785. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9110785. PubMed DOI PMC

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Tumbarello M., Sanguinetti M., Montuori E., Trecarichi E.M., Posteraro B., Fiori B., Citton R., D’Inzeo T., Fadda G., Cauda R., et al. Predictors of mortality in patients with bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum-ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: Importance of inadequate initial antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2007;51:1987–1994. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01509-06. PubMed DOI PMC

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Kang C.I., Chung D.R., Ko K.S., Peck K.R., Song J.H. Risk factors for infection and treatment outcome of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancy. Ann. Hematol. 2012;91:115–121. doi: 10.1007/s00277-011-1247-7. PubMed DOI

Satlin M.J., Calfee D.P., Chen L., Fauntleroy K.A., Wilson S.J., Jenkins S.G., Feldman E.J., Roboz G.J., Shore T.B., Helfgott D.C., et al. Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae as causes of bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. Leuk. Lymphoma. 2013;54:799–806. doi: 10.3109/10428194.2012.723210. PubMed DOI

Herkel T., Uvizl R., Doubravska L., Adamus M., Gabrhelik T., Htoutou Sedlakova M., Kolar M., Hanulik V., Pudova V., Langova K., et al. Epidemiology of hospital-acquired pneumonia: Results of a Central European multicenter, prospective, observational study compared with data from the European region. Biomed. Pap. 2016;160:448–455. doi: 10.5507/bp.2016.014. PubMed DOI

Arnan M., Gudiol C., Calatayud L., Liñares J., Dominguez M.Á., Batlle M., Ribera J.M., Carratalà J., Gudiol F. Risk factors for, and clinical relevance of, faecal extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) carriage in neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2011;30:355–360. doi: 10.1007/s10096-010-1093-x. PubMed DOI

Kolar M., Htoutou Sedlakova M., Pudova V., Roderova M., Novosad J., Senkyrikova M., Szotkowska R., Indrak K. Incidence of fecal Enterobacteriaceae producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamases in patients with hematological malignancies. Biomed. Pap. 2015;159:100–103. doi: 10.5507/bp.2014.042. PubMed DOI

Stachurová T., Sýkorová N., Semerád J., Malachová K. Resistant genes and multidrug-resistant bacteria in wastewater: A study of their transfer to the water reservoir in the Czech Republic. Life. 2022;12:147. doi: 10.3390/life12020147. PubMed DOI PMC

Hricová K., Röderová M., Fryčák P., Pauk V., Kurka O., Mezerová K., Štosová T., Bardoň J., Milde D., Kučová P., et al. Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and antimicrobial residues in wastewater and surface water. Life. 2021;11:1403. doi: 10.3390/life11121403. PubMed DOI PMC

Kumar A., Roberts D., Wood K.E., Light B., Parrillo J.E., Sharma S., Suppes R., Feinstein D., Zanotti S., Taiberg L., et al. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 2006;34:1589–1596. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E9. PubMed DOI

Adrie C., Garrouste-Orgeas M., Essaied W.I., Schwebel C., Darmon M., Mourvillier B., Ruckly S., Dumenil A.S., Kallel H., Argaud L., et al. Attributable mortality of ICU-acquired bloodstream infections: Impact of the source, causative micro-organism, resistance profile and antimicrobial therapy. J. Infect. 2017;74:131–141. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.11.001. PubMed DOI

Bogdanová K., Doubravská L., Vágnerová I., Hricová K., Pudová V., Röderová M., Papajk J., Uvízl R., Langová K., Kolář M. Clostridioides difficile and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia. Life. 2021;11:1127. doi: 10.3390/life11111127. PubMed DOI PMC

Kolar M., Htoutou Sedlakova M., Urbanek K., Mlynarcik P., Roderova M., Hricova K., Mezerova K., Kucova P., Zapletalova J., Fiserova K., et al. Implementation of antibiotic stewardship in a university hospital setting. Antibiotics. 2021;10:93. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10010093. PubMed DOI PMC

Goff D.A. Antibiotic Stewardship: The health of the world depends on it. Hosp. Pharm. 2018;53:214–216. doi: 10.1177/0018578718769964. PubMed DOI PMC

Karam G., Chastre J., Wilcox M.H., Vincent J.L. Antibiotic strategies in the era of multidrug resistance. Crit. Care. 2016;20:136. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1320-7. PubMed DOI PMC

Baur D., Gladstone B.P., Burkert F., Carrara E., Foschi F., Döbele S., Tacconelli E. Effect of antibiotic stewardship on the incidence of infection and colonisation with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Clostridium difficile infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2017;17:990–1001. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30325-0. PubMed DOI

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Analysis of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Complicating HAP in Patients with Secondary Peritonitis