Titanium dental implants are a multibillion dollar market in the United States alone. The growth of a bacterial biofilm on a dental implant can cause gingivitis, implant loss, and expensive subsequent care. Herein, we demonstrate the efficient eradication of dental biofilm on titanium dental implants via swarming magnetic microrobots based on ferromagnetic (Fe3O4) and photoactive (BiVO4) materials through polyethylenimine micelles. The ferromagnetic component serves as a propulsion force using a transversal rotating magnetic field while BiVO4 is the photoactive generator of reactive oxygen species to eradicate the biofilm colonies. Such photoactive magnetically powered, precisely navigated microrobots are able to destroy biofilm colonies on titanium implants, demonstrating their use in precision medicine.

Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Prague 166 28 Czech Republic

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Prague 166 28 Czech Republic

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea

Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan

Department of Stomatology Maxillofacial Surgery General Teaching Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague 12808 Czech Republic

Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of Technology Brno 616 00 Czech Republic

References provided by Crossref.org

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