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African trypanosome strategies for conquering new hosts and territories: the end of monophyly?

. 2022 Sep ; 38 (9) : 724-736. [epub] 20220606

Language English Country Great Britain, England Media print-electronic

Document type Journal Article, Review, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/pmid35680542
Links

PubMed 35680542
DOI 10.1016/j.pt.2022.05.011
PII: S1471-4922(22)00114-3
Knihovny.cz E-resources

Trypanosoma brucei parasites are the causative agents of African trypanosomiasis in humans, as well as surra, nagana, and dourine in animals. According to current widely used nomenclature, T. brucei is a group of five (sub)species, each causing a distinct disease and possessing unique genetic marker(s) or a combination thereof. However, minimal nuclear genome differences, sometimes accompanied by ongoing genetic exchange, robustly support polyphyly resulting from multiple independent origins of the (sub)species in nature. The ease of generating such (sub)species in the laboratory, as well as the case of overlapping hosts and disease symptoms, is incompatible with the current (sub)species paradigm, which implies a monophyletic origin. Here, we critically re-evaluate this concept, considering recent genome sequencing and experimental studies. We argue that ecotype should be used going forward as a significantly more accurate and appropriate designation.

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