Male infertility is a global public health concern. Teratozoospermia is a qualitative anomaly of spermatozoa morphology, contributing significantly to male infertility, whereas azoospermia is the complete absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Thus, there is a serious need for unveiling the common origin and/or connection between both of these diseases, if any. This study aims to identify common potential biomarker genes of these two diseases via an in silico approach using a meta-analysis of microarray data. In this study, a differential expression analysis of genes was performed on four publicly available RNA microarray datasets, two each from teratozoospermia (GSE6872 and GSE6967) and azoospermia (GSE145467 and GSE25518). From the analysis, 118 DEGs were found to be common to teratozoospermia and azoospermia, and, interestingly, sperm autoantigenic protein 17 (SPA17) was found to possess the highest fold change value among all the DEGs (9.471), while coiled-coil domain-containing 90B (CCDC90B) and coiled-coil domain-containing 91 (CCDC91) genes were found to be common among three of analyses, i.e., Network Analyst, ExAtlas, and GEO2R. This observation indicates that SPA17, CCDC90B, and CCDC91 genes might have significant roles to play as potential biomarkers for teratozoospermia and azoospermia. Thus, our study opens a new window of research in this area and can provide an important theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of both these diseases.

Department of Applied Physics Aalto University 00076 Espoo Finland

Department of Health Informatics College of Public Health and Health Informatics Qassim University Al Bukayriyah 52741 Saudi Arabia

Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics Assam University Silchar 788011 India

Department of Pathophysiology Institute of Medical Sciences College of Medical Sciences University of Rzeszow 35959 Rzeszow Poland

Department of Zoology Garhbeta College Garhbeta 721127 India

Department of Zoology Mariani College Mariani 785634 India

GyanArras Academy Gothapatna Malipada Bhubaneswar 751003 India

Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology Department of Animal Morphology Physiology and Genetics Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno Zemedelska 1 61300 Brno Czech Republic

Physiology Unit Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Gulf Medical University Ajman 4184 United Arab Emirates

School of Medical Sciences Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research Chennai 600126 India

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