Over the last decade, research interest in defining how extracellular vesicles (EVs) shape cross-species communication has grown rapidly. Parasitic helminths, worm species found in the phyla Nematoda and Platyhelminthes, are well-recognised manipulators of host immune function and physiology. Emerging evidence supports a role for helminth-derived EVs in these processes and highlights EVs as an important participant in cross-phylum communication. While the mammalian EV field is guided by a community-agreed framework for studying EVs derived from model organisms or cell systems [e.g., Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV)], the helminth community requires a supplementary set of principles due to the additional challenges that accompany working with such divergent organisms. These challenges include, but are not limited to, generating sufficient quantities of EVs for descriptive or functional studies, defining pan-helminth EV markers, genetically modifying these organisms, and identifying rigorous methodologies for in vitro and in vivo studies. Here, we outline best practices for those investigating the biology of helminth-derived EVs to complement the MISEV guidelines. We summarise community-agreed standards for studying EVs derived from this broad set of non-model organisms, raise awareness of issues associated with helminth EVs and provide future perspectives for how progress in the field will be achieved.

Aberystwyth University Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth Ceredigion Wales UK

Czech Republic Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic

Department of Biochemical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Department of Microbiology School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina

Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand

Department of Pre clinic and Applied Animal Science Faculty of Veterinary Science Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom Thailand

Department of Public health and infectious diseases Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

ELKH SE Immune Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group Budapest Hungary

Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic

George Washington University Microbiology Immunology and Tropical Medicine School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington D C USA

HCEMM SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group Budapest Hungary

Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina

Instituto de Salud Carlos 3 National Center for Microbiology Majadahonda Madrid Spain

James Cook University Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine Cairns Queensland Australia

Laboratory of Helminthology Faculty of Microbiology University of Costa Rica San Pedro Montes de Oca Costa Rica

Leiden University Medical Center Parasitology Leiden The Netherlands

McGill University Institute of Parasitology Ste Anne de Bellevue Quebec Canada

Medical University of Vienna Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine Vienna Austria

Queen's University Belfast School of Biological Sciences Belfast Northern Ireland UK

Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Allschwil Switzerland

The University of Edinburgh Institute of Immunology and Infection Research School of Biological Sciences Edinburgh UK

Tropical Medicine Graduate Program Academic Affairs Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand

Universidad de la República Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Genetica Montevideo Uruguay

Universitat de València Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología Área de Parasitología Burjsassot Valencia Spain

University of Basel Basel Switzerland

University of Glasgow Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences Glasgow UK

University of Glasgow Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation Glasgow UK

University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Pathobiology Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

University of Zurich Institute of Parasitology Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich Switzerland

Utrecht University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biomolecular Health Sciences Utrecht The Netherlands

Wellcome Sanger Institute Parasites and Microbes Cambridge UK

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