In this work, composite filaments in the form of sticks and 3D-printed scaffolds were investigated as a future component of an osteochondral implant. The first part of the work focused on the development of a filament modified with bioglass (BG) and Zn-doped BG obtained by injection molding. The main outcome was the manufacture of bioactive, strong, and flexible filament sticks of the required length, diameter, and properties. Then, sticks were used for scaffold production. We investigated the effect of bioglass addition on the samples mechanical and biological properties. The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and microtomography. The effect of bioglass addition on changes in the SBF mineralization process and cell morphology was evaluated. The presence of a spatial microstructure within the scaffolds affects their mechanical properties by reducing them. The tensile strength of the scaffolds compared to filaments was lower by 58-61%. In vitro mineralization experiments showed that apatite formed on scaffolds modified with BG after 7 days of immersion in SBF. Scaffold with Zn-doped BG showed a retarded apatite formation. Innovative 3D-printing filaments containing bioglasses have been successfully applied to print bioactive scaffolds with the surface suitable for cell attachment and proliferation.

Department of Ceramics and Refractories Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics AGH University of Science and Technology 30 059 Kraków Poland

Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics AGH University of Science and Technology 30 059 Kraków Poland

Department of Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science University of Bielsko Biala 43 300 Bielsko Biała Poland

Department of Mechanics Materials and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Wroclaw University of Science and Technology 50 370 Wrocław Poland

Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacký University Olomouc 77515 Olomouc Czech Republic

Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University 31 007 Kraków Poland

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3D Printing and Electrospinning of Drug- and Graphene-Enhanced Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Osteochondral Nasal Repair

Four-Dimensional Printing of β-Tricalcium Phosphate-Modified Shape Memory Polymers for Bone Scaffolds in Osteochondral Regeneration

Materials Suitable for Osteochondral Regeneration

Self-Assembled Hydrogel Membranes with Structurally Tunable Mechanical and Biological Properties