Dermanyssus gallinae is a blood-feeding mite that parasitises wild birds and farmed poultry. Its remarkably swift processing of blood, together with the capacity to blood-feed during most developmental stages, makes this mite a highly debilitating pest. To identify specific adaptations to digestion of a haemoglobin-rich diet, we constructed and compared transcriptomes from starved and blood-fed stages of the parasite and identified midgut-enriched transcripts. We noted that midgut transcripts encoding cysteine proteases were upregulated with a blood meal. Mapping the full proteolytic apparatus, we noted a reduction in the suite of cysteine proteases, missing homologues for Cathepsin B and C. We have further identified and phylogenetically analysed three distinct transcripts encoding vitellogenins that facilitate the reproductive capacity of the mites. We also fully mapped transcripts for haem biosynthesis and the ferritin-based system of iron storage and inter-tissue trafficking. Additionally, we identified transcripts encoding proteins implicated in immune signalling (Toll and IMD pathways) and activity (defensins and thioester-containing proteins), RNAi, and ion channelling (with targets for commercial acaricides such as Fluralaner, Fipronil, and Ivermectin). Viral sequences were filtered from the Illumina reads and we described, in part, the RNA-virome of D. gallinae with identification of a novel virus, Red mite quaranjavirus 1.

Institute of Entomology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Instituto de Patología Vegetal Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Córdoba Argentina

International Poultry Testing Station Ústrašice Ústrašice Czech Republic

Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Bethesda MD USA

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Genome sequences of four Ixodes species expands understanding of tick evolution

The immune factors involved in the rapid clearance of bacteria from the midgut of the tick Ixodes ricinus

Fipronil prevents transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes

One health approach to study human health risks associated with Dermanyssus gallinae mites

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