UNLABELLED: The global COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many jurisdictions implementing orders restricting the movements of people to inhibit virus transmission, with recreational angling often either not permitted or access to fisheries and/or related infrastructure being prevented. Following the lifting of restrictions, initial angler surveys and licence sales suggested increased participation and effort, and altered angler demographics, but with evidence remaining limited. Here, we overcome this evidence gap by identifying temporal changes in angling interest, licence sales, and angling effort in world regions by comparing data in the 'pre-pandemic' (up to and including 2019); 'acute pandemic' (2020) and 'COVID-acclimated' (2021) periods. We then identified how changes can inform the development of more resilient and sustainable recreational fisheries. Interest in angling (measured here as angling-related internet search term volumes) increased substantially in all regions during 2020. Patterns in licence sales revealed marked increases in some countries during 2020 but not in others. Where licence sales increased, this was rarely sustained in 2021; where there were declines, these related to fewer tourist anglers due to movement restrictions. Data from most countries indicated a younger demographic of people who participated in angling in 2020, including in urban areas, but this was not sustained in 2021. These short-lived changes in recreational angling indicate efforts to retain younger anglers could increase overall participation levels, where efforts can target education in appropriate angling practices and create more urban angling opportunities. These efforts would then provide recreational fisheries with greater resilience to cope with future global crises, including facilitating the ability of people to access angling opportunities during periods of high societal stress. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-023-09784-5.

Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Hydrobiology Na Sádkách 702 7 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Pakefield Road Lowestoft NR33 0HT Suffolk UK

Centre For Marine Socioecology University of Tasmania Private Bag 49 Hobart7001 TAS Australia

Department of Biology Ball State University Muncie IN 47304 USA

Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA

Department of Fish Biology Fisheries and Aquaculture Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Müggelseedamm 310 12587 Berlin Germany

Department of Fisheries Engineering and Aquaculture Universidade Federal de Sergipe Cidade Universitária Prof José Aloísio de Campos Rua Mal Rondon S N Jardim Rosa Elze São Cristóvão Sergipe CEP 49100 000 Brazil

Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science Rhodes University P O Box 94 Makhanda 6140 South Africa

Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth University Poole BH12 5BB UK

Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA

Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories 39 Northside Drive Hillarys WA 6025 Australia

Division of Integrative Fisheries Management Faculty of Life Sciences Humboldt Univesität zu Berlin Invalidenstrasse 42 10115 Berlin Germany

Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Dr Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada

Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Private Bag 49 Hobart7001 TAS Australia

Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados IMEDEA Esporles Spain

Norwegian Institute for Nature Research and at the Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology Oslo Norway

Research Center for Freshwater Fisheries Japan Fish Res and Education Agency Nikko 321 1661 Japan

School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ Norfolk UK

Section of Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology Technical University of Denmark DTU Aqua 8600 Silkeborg Denmark

Thünen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries Alter Hafen Süd 2 18069 Rostock Germany

U S Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive MS 516 Reston VA 20192 USA

Université Paris Saclay CNRS AgroParisTech Ecologie Systématique Evolution 12 Rue 128 91190 Gif Sur Yvette France

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