Fusarium wilt of banana is a devastating disease that has decimated banana production worldwide. Host resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense (Foc), the causal agent of this disease, is genetically dissected in this study using two Musa acuminata ssp. Malaccensis segregating populations, segregating for Foc Tropical (TR4) and Subtropical (STR4) race 4 resistance. Marker loci and trait association using 11 SNP-based PCR markers allowed the candidate region to be delimited to a 12.9 cM genetic interval corresponding to a 959 kb region on chromosome 3 of 'DH-Pahang' reference assembly v4. Within this region, there was a cluster of pattern recognition receptors, namely leucine-rich repeat ectodomain containing receptor-like protein kinases, cysteine-rich cell-wall-associated protein kinases, and leaf rust 10 disease-resistance locus receptor-like proteins, positioned in an interspersed arrangement. Their transcript levels were rapidly upregulated in the resistant progenies but not in the susceptible F2 progenies at the onset of infection. This suggests that one or several of these genes may control resistance at this locus. To confirm the segregation of single-gene resistance, we generated an inter-cross between the resistant parent 'Ma850' and a susceptible line 'Ma848', to show that the STR4 resistance co-segregated with marker '28820' at this locus. Finally, an informative SNP marker 29730 allowed the locus-specific resistance to be assessed in a collection of diploid and polyploid banana plants. Of the 60 lines screened, 22 lines were predicted to carry resistance at this locus, including lines known to be TR4-resistant, such as 'Pahang', 'SH-3362', 'SH-3217', 'Ma-ITC0250', and 'DH-Pahang/CIRAD 930'. Additional screening in the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture's collection suggests that the dominant allele is common among the elite 'Matooke' NARITA hybrids, as well as in other triploid or tetraploid hybrids derived from East African highland bananas. Fine mapping and candidate gene identification will allow characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying the TR4 resistance. The markers developed in this study can now aid the marker-assisted selection of TR4 resistance in breeding programs around the world.

CIRAD UMR AGAP Institut F 34398 Montpellier France

Department of Biology Duke University Durham NC 27708 0338 USA

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3004 Australia

Department of Plant Pathology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7600 South Africa

Division of Crop Biotechnics Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 3001 Leuven Belgium

Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Centre of the Region Haná for Bio Technological and Agricultural Research CZ 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Arusha P O Box 447 Tanzania

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan PMB 5320 Nigeria

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Kampala P O Box 7878 Uganda

School of Agriculture and Food Science The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4067 Australia

School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia

School of Life Science Jiaying University Meizhou 514015 China

Sustainable Soils and Crops Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK

The Centre for Applied Bioinformatics University of Western Australia Crawley Perth WA 6009 Australia

UMR AGAP Institut Université de Montpellier CIRAD INRAE Institut Agro F 34398 Montpellier France

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