Metasurfaces have recently emerged as a promising technological platform, offering unprecedented control over light by structuring materials at the nanoscale using two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength nanoresonators. These metasurfaces possess exceptional optical properties, enabling a wide variety of applications in imaging, sensing, telecommunication, and energy-related fields. One significant advantage of metasurfaces lies in their ability to manipulate the optical spectrum by precisely engineering the geometry and material composition of the nanoresonators' array. Consequently, they hold tremendous potential for efficient solar light harvesting and conversion. In this Review, we delve into the current state-of-the-art in solar energy conversion devices based on metasurfaces. First, we provide an overview of the fundamental processes involved in solar energy conversion, alongside an introduction to the primary classes of metasurfaces, namely, plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces. Subsequently, we explore the numerical tools used that guide the design of metasurfaces, focusing particularly on inverse design methods that facilitate an optimized optical response. To showcase the practical applications of metasurfaces, we present selected examples across various domains such as photovoltaics, photoelectrochemistry, photocatalysis, solar-thermal and photothermal routes, and radiative cooling. These examples highlight the ways in which metasurfaces can be leveraged to harness solar energy effectively. By tailoring the optical properties of metasurfaces, significant advancements can be expected in solar energy harvesting technologies, offering new practical solutions to support an emerging sustainable society.

Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc Šlechtitelů 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre University of Turin Turin 10125 Italy

Department of Physical Electronics Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University Prague Břehová 7 11519 Prague Czech Republic

Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Birck Nanotechnology Center and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States

The Quantum Science Center Oak Ridge Tennessee 37931 United States

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