Aim: Today, there is a lack of research studies concerning human acute exposure to nanoparticles (NPs). Our investigation aimed to simulate real-world acute inhalation exposure to NPs released during work with dental nanocomposites in a dental office or technician laboratory. Methods: Blood samples from female volunteers were processed before and after inhalation exposure. Transcriptomic mRNA and miRNA expression changes were analyzed. Results: We detected large interindividual variability, 90 significantly deregulated mRNAs, and 4 miRNAs when samples of participants before and after dental nanocomposite grinding were compared. Conclusion: The results suggest that inhaled dental NPs may present an occupational hazard to human health, as indicated by the changes in the processes related to oxidative stress, synthesis of eicosanoids, and cell division.

What is this article about? We searched for a possible impact of acute inhalation exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) released during the grinding of dental nanocomposites used for teeth reconstruction. The exposure design utilized in our study simulated the acute exposure of the dental staff to the NPs. Our research fills the gaps in knowledge in the field of acute human inhalation exposure to dental nanocomposites.What were the results? Results indicate that the impact of exposure to NPs is dependent on the style of working as well as on the interindividual biological variability among study subjects. Changes in expression levels of genes associated with an increase of oxidative stress, synthesis of eicosanoids (signaling molecules related to e.g., immune responses), and cell division were detected.What do the results of the study mean? All the observed changes may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, carcinogenesis, or problems during pregnancy. Occupational exposure to inhaled NPs, including those generated in dental practice can pose a significant health risk, and protective measures when working with these materials should be considered. More research is needed to compare our results with chronic (long-term) exposure to similar materials to show the hazards related to their inhalation.

1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague and General University Hospital Prague Department of Occupational Medicine Na Bojisti 1 Prague 2 120 00 Czech Republic

Department of Computer Science Czech Technical University Prague Karlovo Namesti 13 Prague 2 121 35 Czech Republic

Department of Genetics and Microbiology Faculty of Science Charles University Vinicna 5 Prague 2 128 44 Czech Republic

Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS Department of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics Rozvojova 1 Prague 6 165 02 Czech Republic

Institute of Dental Medicine 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital Prague Katerinska 32 Prague 2 121 08 Czech Republic

Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS Department of Toxicology and Molecular Epidemiology Videnska 1083 Prague 4 142 20 Czech Republic

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