Electronic waste (e-waste) poses significant environmental and health risks in Thailand due to both domestic production and international imports. A notable portion of this waste is processed in small-scale, community-based workshops, often located in poorer regions, where safety regulations are improperly enforced or entirely ignored. This study focuses on the Kalasin province in Northern Thailand, a region with numerous such workshops, where no comprehensive analysis of exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dechlorane plus (DP) has been conducted. The study's objective was to quantify these toxic substances in environmental and biological samples to assess its contamination and human health risks. Environmental samples, including soil, dust, sediment, ash, eggs, crabs, snails, fish, and rice, were collected from e-waste processing sites and compared with control areas. Blood samples from e-waste workers and a control group were also analysed. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry operated in negative ion chemical ionization (GC-NCI-MS) was used to quantify PBDEs and DP isomers. Results showed significantly higher concentrations of these toxic compounds in e-waste sites compared to control areas. E-waste workers also had elevated levels of these substances in their blood, suggesting exposure through contaminated dust and food. These findings underscore the severe environmental contamination and health risks associated with improper e-waste management, highlighting the urgent need for regulatory measures and improved recycling practices to safeguard both environmental and public health.
- MeSH
- chlorované uhlovodíky * analýza krev MeSH
- elektronický odpad * analýza MeSH
- halogenované difenylethery * analýza toxicita krev MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- polycyklické sloučeniny * analýza MeSH
- prach analýza MeSH
- pracovní expozice analýza MeSH
- recyklace * MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Thajsko MeSH
Tématem sdělení je zmapování rizik, se kterými se mohou setkat pracovníci zdravotnické záchranné služby. Článek se zaměřuje na rizika spojená s nepřehledným terénem a sleduje možná nebezpečí od okamžiku přijetí výzvy na operačním středisku až po předání pacienta v nemocnici. Cílem sdělení je snaha popsat co nejucelenější přehled všech rizik, se kterými se pracovníci ZZS mohou setkat. Článek se věnuje základním informacím týkajícím se nejčastějších infekcí, se kterými se posádky ZZS při zásahu setkávají, a základním osobním ochranným pracovním pomůckám. Článek připojuje i průzkum, který zjistil, že pracovníci ZZS vždy nevyužívají potřebné a dostupné ochranné prostředky. Praktická část této práce si vymezila dva cíle, a to zjistit, jaké je povědomí zdravotnických záchranářů o nebezpečných faktorech ovlivňujících jejich práci, a dále zjistit, zda pracovníci ZZS vždy využívají potřebné a dostupné ochranné prostředky.
The article deals with mapping the risks that can be faced by emergency medical services. It focuses on the risks associated with disorganized terrain and traces the possible hazards from the moment a call is received at the medical dispatch until the patient is handed over at the hospital. The aim of the communication is to provide as comprehensive overview as possible of all the risks that ambulance workers may face. The article discusses basic information on the most common infections encountered by paramedics and basic personal protective equipment. The article also includes a survey showing that EMS personnel do not always use the necessary and available protective equipment. The practical part of this paper has two objectives: to find out how the paramedics are aware of the risk factors affecting their work, and to find out whether the paramedics always use the necessary and available protective equipment.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hygiena práce MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pracovní expozice * MeSH
- přenos infekční nemoci prevence a kontrola MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- riziko MeSH
- zdravotničtí záchranáři * normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
V souvislosti se zařazením nové položky Seznamu nemocí z povolání (příloha nařízení vlády č. 290/1995 Sb. v platném znění) ke dni 1. 1. 2023 – chronického onemocnění bederní páteře z přetěžování pohybového aparátu [5] vznikla potřeba relevantního hodnocení profesionální expozice faktorům, které se na jejím vzniku podílejí. Vzhledem k tomu, že expoziční kritéria, vycházející z limitu NIOSH US, nezahrnují komplexní rozsah možných působících sil a současně nezohledňují dobu výkonu práce, předkládají autoři z důvodu nezbytné standardizace metodických postupů autorizovaných laboratoří matematický model zpracování výsledků hodnocení této zátěže, které navazují na výstupy ze software Back Solver.
In connection with the inclusion of a new item in the List of Occupational Diseases (Annex to Government Regulation No. 290/1995 Coll., as amended) as of 1 January 2023 – chronic lumbar spine disease from overloading the musculoskeletal system [5], the need for a relevant assessment of occupational exposure to the factors involved in its occurrence has arisen. With regard to the fact that the exposure criteria, based on the NIOSH US limit, do not include a comprehensive range of possible acting forces and at the same time do not take into account the time of work, the authors present a mathematical model of processing the results of the evaluation of this load, which follow the outputs from the Back Solver software, due to the necessary standardization of methodological procedures of authorized laboratories.
V tomto článku autoři seznamují čtenáře se zajímavou kazuistikou pacienta, horníka pracujícího 18 let v hornictví, dispenzarizovaného na Klinice pracovního lékařství Fakultní nemocnice Plzeň pro dvě nemoci z povolání – pneumokonióza uhlokopa prostá byla hlášená jako nemoc z povolání v roce 1993 a onemocnění kloubů a nervů z vibrací bylo hlášeno o rok později. Pacient se od roku 2015 nedostavoval k našim pravidelným kontrolám podle dispenzárního řádu. K vyšetření se dostavil až v září 2023, kdy bylo zjištěno, že se od roku 2020 léčí pro karcinom plic. V článku je shrnuta etiopatogeneze a diagnostika pneumokonióz, problematika kritérií pro uznávání těchto nemocí z povolání, počet nově hlášených nemoci z povolání v souvislosti s hornictvím, problematika v souvislosti s prací při těžbě v černouhelných dolech a expozice oxidu křemičitého (SiO2). Krátce je zde přiblížena historie hornické činnosti v okolí Plzně, konkrétně z oblasti výkonu práce našeho pacienta před ukončením práce v dolech.
In this article, the authors introduce the reader to an interesting patient case report of a patient, a miner who worked in mining for 18 years, who was treated at our Occupational Medicine Clinic of the Pilsen University Hospital for two occupational diseases – pneumoconiosis in a miner was reported as an occupational disease in 1993 and vibration joint and nerve disease was reported a year later. Since 2015, the patient has not attended our regular check-ups according to dispensary regulations. He did not come for an examination until September 2023, when it was discovered that he was being treated for lung cancer from 2020. The article summarizes the etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of pneumoconioses, the issue of criteria for the recognition of these occupational diseases, the number of newly reported occupational diseases in connection with mining, issues related to work in coal mines and exposure to silicon dioxide (SiO2). The history of mining activity in the vicinity of Pilsen is briefly explained here, specifically from the area of our patient‘s work performance before ending his work in the mines.
- MeSH
- antrakóza diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- horníci * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory plic diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- nemoci kloubů diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- nemoci z povolání * diagnóza MeSH
- oxid křemičitý toxicita MeSH
- pracovní expozice MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Stainless steel welders are exposed to heavy filler metals. We evaluated the concentration of these metals in whole blood and urine, and the relevant biochemical parameters in relation to the total chromosomal aberrations (CAs), chromatid-type (CTA-type, CTAs) and chromosome-type (CSA-type, CSAs), in 117 welders and control individuals. Statistically higher concentrations of the total Cr, Ni and Mn were observed in whole blood and urine of welders, and the concentrations were higher in welders who smoked. On the contrary, concentrations of urinary heavy metals Cr and Mn adjusted for creatinine were significantly higher in the control groups. A statistically higher frequency of total CAs was observed in the whole group of welders, and also in the non-smoking welders, as compared to controls. The frequency of total CAs significantly correlated with the concentration of Cr, Ni and Mn in whole blood (R=0.61, P˂0.0001, R=0.33, P˂0.0001 and R=0.66, P˂0.0001, respectively), with urinary concentrations of Ni and Mn (R=0.27, P=0.003 and R=0.28, P=0.003, respectively) and with urinary concentrations of Cr, Ni and Mn adjusted for creatinine (R=0.22, P=0.029, R=0.26, P=0.005 and R=0.20, P=0.030, respectively). Likewise, the frequency of CTA-types significantly correlated with the concentration of Cr and Mn in whole blood (R=0.31, P=0.0007 and R=0.34, P=0.0002). The frequency of CSA-types significantly correlated with concentrations of Cr, Ni and Mn in whole blood (R=0.43, P˂0.0001, R=0.38, P˂0.0001 and R=0.46, P˂0.0001, respectively). The statistically higher values of serum creatinine and total bilirubin were detected in all welders, as well as in smokers when compared to the corresponding controls. The exposure to heavy metals in welders increased the frequencies of CAs and altered the balance between urinary excretion of heavy metals and their possible accumulation.
- MeSH
- chrom moč krev MeSH
- chromozomální aberace * chemicky indukované MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kouření škodlivé účinky moč krev MeSH
- kreatinin moč krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mangan moč krev MeSH
- nerezavějící ocel MeSH
- nikl moč krev MeSH
- pracovní expozice * škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- svařování * MeSH
- těžké kovy * moč krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Aim: Today, there is a lack of research studies concerning human acute exposure to nanoparticles (NPs). Our investigation aimed to simulate real-world acute inhalation exposure to NPs released during work with dental nanocomposites in a dental office or technician laboratory. Methods: Blood samples from female volunteers were processed before and after inhalation exposure. Transcriptomic mRNA and miRNA expression changes were analyzed. Results: We detected large interindividual variability, 90 significantly deregulated mRNAs, and 4 miRNAs when samples of participants before and after dental nanocomposite grinding were compared. Conclusion: The results suggest that inhaled dental NPs may present an occupational hazard to human health, as indicated by the changes in the processes related to oxidative stress, synthesis of eicosanoids, and cell division.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- inhalační expozice * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika MeSH
- mikro RNA * genetika MeSH
- nanočástice chemie MeSH
- nanokompozity * chemie MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- transkriptom * účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Globin adducts of various chemicals, persisting in organism over the whole lifetime of erythrocytes, have been used as biomarkers of cumulative exposures to parent compounds. After removal of aged erythrocytes from the bloodstream, cleavage products of these adducts are excreted with urine as alternative, non-invasively accessible biomarkers. In our biomonitoring studies on workers exposed to ethylene oxide, its adduct with globin, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine, and the related urinary cleavage product N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-valyl-L-leucine have been determined. To describe a toxicokinetic relationship between the above types of biomarkers, a general compartmental model for simulation of formation and removal of globin adducts has been constructed in the form of code in R statistical computing environment. The essential input variables include lifetime of erythrocytes, extent of adduct formation following a single defined exposure, and parameters of exposure scenario, while other possible variables are optional. It was shown that both biomarkers reflect the past exposures differently as the adduct level in globin is a mean value of adduct levels across all compartments (subpopulations of erythrocytes of the same age) while excretion of cleavage products reflects the adduct level in the oldest compartment. Application of the model to various scenarios of continuous exposure demonstrated its usefulness for human biomonitoring data interpretation.
- MeSH
- biologické markery * moč krev MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- biologický monitoring * MeSH
- erytrocyty * metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- ethylenoxid toxicita farmakokinetika moč MeSH
- globiny metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- pracovní expozice * MeSH
- toxikokinetika MeSH
- valin analogy a deriváty farmakokinetika moč krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Nanoparticles (NPs) have become an important part of everyday life, including their application in dentistry. Aside from their undoubted benefits, questions regarding their risk to human health, and/or genome have arisen. However, studies concerning cytogenetic effects are completely absent. A group of women acutely exposed to an aerosol released during dental nanocomposite grinding was sampled before and after the work. Exposure monitoring including nano (PM0.1) and respirable (PM4) fractions was performed. Whole-chromosome painting for autosomes #1, #4, and gonosome X was applied to estimate the pattern of cytogenetic damage including structural and numerical alterations. The results show stable genomic frequency of translocations (FG/100), in contrast to a significant 37.8% (p<0.05) increase of numerical aberrations caused by monosomies (p<0.05), but not trisomies. Monosomies were mostly observed for chromosome X. In conclusion, exposure to nanocomposites in stomatology may lead to an increase in numerical aberrations which can be dangerous for dividing cells.
- MeSH
- chromozomální aberace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malování chromozomů MeSH
- nanokompozity * toxicita chemie MeSH
- pracovní expozice * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zubní materiály toxicita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk. However, information about human exposure to BTs and associated health outcomes is limited. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to characterise exposure to BTs among Czech men, including possible occupational exposure among firefighters, its predictors, and its associations with liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. METHODS: 165 participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples that were used to quantify the urinary levels of 8 BTs (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 4 liver enzymes, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Linear regression was used to assess associations with population characteristics and biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and false discovery rate procedure was applied to account for multiplicity. RESULTS: The BTs ranged from undetected up to 46.8 ng/mL. 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole was the most predominant compound (detection frequency 83%; median 1.95 ng/mL). 1-methyl-benzotriazole (1M-BTR) was measured in human samples for the first time, with a detection frequency 77% and median 1.75 ng/mL. Professional firefighters had lower urinary 1M-BTR compared to non-firefighters. Urinary 1M-BTR was associated with levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (β = - 17.54%; 95% CI: - 26.127, - 7.962). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate BT exposure in Central Europe, including potentially exposed firefighters. The findings showed a high prevalence of BTs in the study population, the relevance of 1M-BTR as a new biomarker of exposure, and an urgent need for further research into associated adverse health outcomes.
- MeSH
- 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosin moč krev MeSH
- benzothiazoly * MeSH
- biologické markery * krev moč MeSH
- cholesterol krev MeSH
- deoxyguanosin analogy a deriváty moč krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hasiči MeSH
- játra účinky léků MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidy krev MeSH
- oxidační stres * účinky léků MeSH
- pracovní expozice * analýza MeSH
- triazoly * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Environmental exposure is associated with increased incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and reduced fertility. Exposure to air pollution can influence gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, we analysed gene-specific CpG methylation in spermatozoa of city policemen occupationally exposed to air pollution in two Czech cities differing by sources and composition of the air pollution. In Prague, the pollution is mainly formed by NO2 from heavy traffic. Ostrava is a hotspot of industrial air pollution with high concentrations of particular matter (PM) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). We performed genome-wide methylation sequencing using the SureSelectXT Human Methyl-Seq system (Agilent Technologies) and next-generation sequencing to reveal differentially methylated CpG sites and regions. We identified differential methylation in the region chr5:662169 - 663376 annotated to genes CEP72 and TPPP. The region was then analysed in sperm DNA from 117 policemen using targeted methylation sequencing, which proved its hypermethylation in sperm of Ostrava policemen.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza toxicita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metylace DNA * účinky léků MeSH
- pevné částice analýza toxicita MeSH
- policie MeSH
- pracovní expozice MeSH
- spermie * účinky léků MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší * škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
