Healthy fish populations lead to healthy aquatic ecosystems and it is our responsibility to be a part of the solution. Fish is one of the most favored foods and is suitable for people of all ages. Fish is an essential source of protein, vitamins, and minerals and a source of income for millions of people. Human population growth and climate change are putting a strain on our food system, demanding the development of sustainable services to enhance global food production and its security. Food safety is an intricate problem in both developed and developing countries. Fresh fish is a highly perishable food with a limited life span; as a result, it must be delivered and kept carefully to minimize deterioration and assure safety. Fish spoilage is linked to biochemical changes that occur post-harvest, such as storage and transportation. These modifications can account for fish spoilage by altering the taste, texture, and appearance. Fish harvesting, distribution, and post-harvest handling are all unhygienic, resulting in poor and unpredictable fish quality in the market. Many innovative and effective control measurements of various bacteria in fish have been proposed and evaluated. This review is a systematic approach to investigating post-harvest fish spoilage, its assessment, and control strategies.

Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Department of Zoology Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Government College University Lahore Department of Zoology Lahore Pakistan

Government Postgraduate College Satellite Town Department of Biology Gujranwala Pakistan

King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Sciences Department of Biological Sciences Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Kohat University of Science and Technology Department of Zoology Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Ministry of National Food Security and Research Fisheries Development Board Islamabad Pakistan

Thal University Bhakkar Department of Biological Sciences Bhakkar 30000 Punjab Pakistan

Universidad Católica de Temuco Facultad de Recursos Naturales Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas Temuco Chile

Universidad de la Frontera Programa de Doctorado en Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada Casilla Temuco Chile

University of Karachi Center of Excellence in Marine Biology Karachi Pakistan

University of Karachi Department of Zoology Karachi Pakistan

University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology Vodňany Czech Republic

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